Нацизмге қарсы күрескен неміс суретшісі Элизабет Шумахер

German artist, photographer and resistance fighter

Elisabeth Schumacher (née Hohenemser; 28 April 1904 – 22 December 1942 in Plötzensee Prison, Berlin) was a German artist, photographer, and resistance fighter against the Nazi regime. She was a member of the Berlin based anti fascist resistance group that was later called the Red Orchestra (Rote Kapelle) by the Abwehr, during the Third Reich. Schumacher trained as an artist, but as her father was Jewish, she was classified as half Jewish or Mischling, so worked as a graphic artist, before joining the resistance efforts.

Elisabeth Hohenemser was born into a well off family, to a Jewish father and Christian mother in Darmstadt. Her father, engineer Fritz Hohenemser, was a soldier in World War I and came from a family of prominent bankers from the Frankfurt am Main area. Her mother came from Meiningen. In 1914, the family moved from Strasbourg (then part of Germany) to Frankfurt am Main. During the same year, Fritz Hohenemser died in action in the First World War, leading Elisabeth to move to Meiningen with her mother and siblings. In 1921, she attended the School of Applied Arts (Kunstgewerbeschule) in Offenbach intermittently until 1925. She worked at a crafts studio until 1928, in order to study art in Berlin, which she did until 1933. After completing her studies, she stayed in Berlin and applied unsuccessfully (reportedly because she was half Jewish) for a permanent spot at the Reich Office for Industrial Safety (Reichsstelle für Arbeitsschut). While living in Berlin, Schumacher met Kurt Schumacher. They had been close friends since 1930. He had been studying graphic arts with German artist Ernst Böhm as part of a three year course. At the end of the course in 1933, Kurt Schumacher attained a position as a freelance graphic artist at the German Occupational Safety and Health Museum in Charlottenburg. Like her husband, she was sentenced to death on 19 December 1942 at the Reichskriegsgericht ("Reich Military Tribunal") for "conspiracy to commit high treason", espionage, and other political crimes. Aged 38, she was beheaded on 22 December 1942 at Plötzensee Prison, forty five minutes after her husband was hanged there.

Since the 1980s, there has been a stone memorial plaque to Elisabeth at the Schulstraße 4 residence in Meiningen, where she lived with her mother and siblings from 1915 to 1921. Schulstraße was renamed "Elisabeth Schumacher Straße" in 2019 in honour of Elisabeth. A bronze plaque was installed in Frankfurt at 46 Kettenhofweg. Schumacher lived there from 1921 to 1924, in 1994. On 25 September 2015, a Stolperstein (stumbling block) was laid in front of her former residence at 42 Werner Voß Damm in Tempelhof, Berlin.