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Many Japanese words of Portuguese origin entered the Japanese language when Portuguese Jesuit priests and traders introduced Christian ideas, Western science, technology and new products to the Japanese during the Muromachi period (15th and 16th centuries). The Portuguese were the first Europeans to reach Japan and the first to establish direct trade between Japan and Europe, in 1543. During the 16th and 17th century, Portuguese Jesuits had undertaken a great work of Catechism, that ended only with religious persecution in the early Edo period (Tokugawa Shogunate).

Many of the words which were introduced and entered the Japanese language from Portuguese and Dutch are written in kanji or hiragana, rather than katakana, which is the more common way to write loanwords in Japanese in modern times. Kanji versions of the words are ateji, characters that are "fitted" or "applied" to the words by the Japanese, based on either the pronunciation or the meaning of the word. The † indicates the word is archaic and no longer in use. Japanese Rōmaji Japanese script Japanese meaning Pre modern Portuguese Modern Portuguese English translation of Portuguese Notes † anjo アンジョ angel anjo anjo angel Replaced in modern usage by 天使 (tenshi, literally "heavens" + "envoy"). † bateren 伴天連 / 破天連 a missionary priest (mainly from Jesuit) padre padre priest Used in early Christianity. For the sense of "Christian missionary", the modern term is 宣教師 (senkyōshi). battera ばってら / :ja:バッテラ kind of sushi bateira bateira, barco boat named after its shape beranda ベランダ balcony varanda varanda balcony bīdama :ja:ビー玉 marbles (spheric shaped) berlindes, bola de gude, bolinha de gude marbles abbrev. of bīdoro (Japanese: 'glass', also from Portuguese: see below) + tama (Japanese: 'ball'). bīdoro ビードロ vidro vidro glass bōbura ボーブラ (dialect) kabocha pumpkin abóbora birōdo ビロード / 天鵞絨 velvet veludo veludo velvet berubetto (from English velvet) is also used today. bōro :ja:ボーロ / ぼうろ a kind of small biscuit or cookie bolo bolo cake botan ボタン / 釦 / 鈕 button botão botão button charumera :ja:チャルメラ small double reed wind instrument charamela charamela (caramelo, "caramel", is cognate) shawm (cf. the cognate chalumeau) formerly played in Japan by ramen vendors chokki チョッキ waistcoat (UK); vest (U. S.); Jacket jaque colete, jaqueta waistcoat (UK); vest (U. S.); Jacket Besuto (from English vest) is common today. † Deep fried glutinous rice balls filhós igirisu イギリス / 英吉利 the United Kingdom inglez inglês English (adj); Englishman † (:ja:栗かぼちゃ)
2. any squash (plant). (Pão de) Castela (Pão de) Castela (Bread/cake of) Castile Theories cite Portuguese castelo (castle) or the region of Castile (Castela in Portuguese). The cake itself may originally derive from bizcocho, a Spanish kind of biscotti. † kirishitan :ja:キリシタン / 切支丹 / 吉利支丹 (Also written in the more negative forms 鬼理死丹 and 切死丹 after Christianity was banned by the Tokugawa Shogunate) Christian people in 16th and 17th centuries (who were severely persecuted by the Shogunate) christão cristão Christian Replaced in modern usage by the terms キリスト教徒 (Kirisuto kyōto, literally "Christ" + "teaching" + "student") or the English borrowing クリスチャン (Kurisuchan). kirisuto キリスト / 基督 Christ Christo Cristo Christ koendoro コエンドロ coriander coentro coentro coriander konpeitō 金米糖 / :ja:金平糖 / 金餅糖 Kind of star shaped candy confeito confeito confection, candies (related to confetti) koppu コップ cup copo copo cup † † literally "soap" + "hand; method, means". →

The derivation is said to come from the soap like feature of its juice, although there are controversies. See also shabon below. Santa Maria サンタマリア Saint Mary Santa Maria Santa Maria Saint Mary Saint Mary sarasa :ja:更紗 chintz saraça chintz shabon シャボン soap sabão sabão soap More likely from older Spanish xabon. Usually seen in compounds such as shabon dama ('soap bubbles') in modern Japanese. shurasuko :ja:シュラスコ Brazilian style churrasco barbecue churrasco barbecueModern borrowing. subeta スベタ (an insulting word for women) espada espada sword Originally a term from playing cards, in reference to certain cards that earned the player zero points. This meaning extended to refer to "a boring, shabby, low person", and from there to mean "an unattractive woman". tabako タバコ / 煙草 / たばこ tobacco, cigarette tobacco, cigarette totan :ja:トタン tutanaga
(Could be of other origin, as Nippo jisho implies.) tutenag (a zinc alloy; zinc) The homophone "塗炭" is sometimes mistaken as an ateji for "トタン", but is actually a different word of native origin meaning "agony". tempura :ja:天ぷら / 天麩羅 / 天婦羅 deep fried seafood/vegetables tempero, temperar; tempora tempero, temperar; tempora seasoning, to season; times of abstinence from meat zabon :ja:ざぼん / 朱欒 / 香欒 pomelo, shaddock zamboa zamboa pomelo, shaddock † which derived from India, which in turn probably originated from varanda.

Some word pairs that appear similar are actually false cognates of unrelated origins.