Ариано-Ирпино: Тарихы мен мәдениеті

Ariano Irpino (until 1930 Ariano di Puglia), or simply Ariano, is a comune (municipality) in the province of Avellino, in the Italian region of Campania. With a territory of and a population of 22,535 (2017), it has been recognized as an arts town, too.

The town is of ancient origin; archaeological evidence points to its continuous settlement from the Neolithic (c. no – c. 7th millennium BC) to around 900 BC at La Starza (Ariano Irpino) rock site. The foundation of the Roman vicus of Aequum Tuticum, not far from La Starza, was formerly credited to the Hirpini Samnites, although there is no evidence of this (except for the Samnitic Oscan word Tuticum, meaning "public"); in any case, it was only within the Roman Empire that the vicus became the crossroads of the Via Traiana and it and lt=Via Aemilia highways. However, soon later Aequum Tuticum dramatically declined following the onset of the barbarian invasions. As a result of this, the three hills started to be inhabited, a high and easily defendable place, and it is here that Ariano proper was born, a fortified city in a strategic position; however its ancient and formidable defensive walls are hardly recognizable today. In a secure place away from the invasions of the Goths and Byzantines, Ariano is a fortified town of the Lombards. Around 800 the Castello normanno (Ariano Irpino) was built to defend the city against the Byzantines which, although ruined, still proudly stands in the panoramic Villa comunale di Ariano Irpino city park. Successively conquered by the Normans, in 1140 it was the place where the king Roger II of Sicily promulgated the Assizes of Ariano, the then new constitution of the Kingdom of Sicily. This legal corpus would be adopted almost complete and with a few variations into the Constitutions of Melfi of the Emperor Frederick II. In the same venue Roger II minted the ducat, a coin that would last for seven centuries, until 1860. In 1255, Manfred, son of Frederick II, besieged the city, which resisted strongly thanks to its walls and the combative nature of its inhabitants. During the siege, a group of soldiers from Lucera pretended to be deserters from Manfred's army, and were welcomed into the town. During the night, they revealed their identity, sacking and destroying the city with fire, and killing or deporting many inhabitants. There is still a road marking the event, called La Carnale (The Carnage). More than ten years later, in 1266, Charles I of Anjou rebuilt the city and gave it two thorns of the crown of Christ, still conserved in a reliquary within the Museo degli argenti (Ariano Irpino), beside the town's Romanesque cathedral. All these events are commemorated every year (in August) in the Rievocazione Storica del Dono delle Sante Spine (Historical Reinvocation of the Gift of the Sacred Thorns) and the reproduction of the Incendio del Campanile (Belltower Burning), a pyrotechnic event that lights the main square of the city and the side of the cathedral. After the Capetian House of Anjou lost control of Sicily to Peter III of Aragon in the War of the Sicilian Vespers, the city passed to the Provençal family of Sabran from 1294 to 1413; and then into the hands of the Carafa family and the House of Gonzaga. Today are there still in the town buildings that belonged to the Spanish families that governed at the time. On 2 August 1545 the city rebelled against the feudal regime and became a Città Regia (city state) dependent on the Viceroy of the Kingdom of Sicily.

Ariano is known for the production of majolica, a tin glazed pottery. The first examples date from the 13th century under the Moorish influence of the Spanish, but Ceramica di Ariano Irpino became more refined around the 18th century, when the first amphorae and pitchers appear, often simple in the shape, but thinly elaborated. Today's production is even large, including flask, busts, cups, plates, figures, and amphorae. All pieces are splendidly decorated by the craftsmen of Ariano, and often have a fine and elaborate shape.

In the town are located Centro europeo di studi normanni (the European Centre of Norman Studies) and BioGeM (Biology and Molecular Genetics in the Mezzogiorno).

Ariano Irpino's country people produce food from traditional agriculture. Many shops and restaurants offer produce as bread, pasta, pizza, meat, cherries, Irpinia Colline dell'Ufita and it, a typical cheese.

Ariano Irpino is home to the Arianese dialect, a variety of the Irpinian dialect.

Ospedale Sant'Ottone Frangipane was built in 1972 as a utility for the Campanian health district No. 1, that includes 29 municipalities with a total population of 87,993. Actually an ancient Hospitalis pro Peregrinis et Infirmis, along with a pavilion for lepers, was founded thereabout in 1410, but it was relocated in 1731 in the neighboring St. Jacob Palace, where today is the Museo civico e della ceramica scientific and educational center. In the north eastern outskirts of the town there is also the headquarters of MIR (Medicinal Investigational Research), a department of BioGeM University Consortium that is involved in medical and pharmaceutical research.

The Strada statale 90 delle Puglie connects the town to A16 (Naples Bari motorway) Grottaminarda junction and A14 (Bologna Taranto highway) Foggia junction. From Stazione di Ariano Irpino (located 6 km away from the town centre), daily trains reach Rome in 3h30, and Bari in 2 hours. The nearest airport is Naples Capodichino airport, linked to Ariano Irpino by Air busses; these also reach the towns of Avellino, Benevento and Foggia.