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Term used in alternative medicine

Breathwork is a term for various breathing practices in which the conscious control of breathing is said to influence a person's mental, emotional, or physical state, with a therapeutic effect.

Edzard Ernst writes that breathwork (or 'rebirthing') is a form of alternative medicine first devised by Leonard Orr in the 1970s. Breathwork is the use of breathing techniques in order to achieve altered states of consciousness and to have a variety of effects on physical and mental well being. Breathwork practitioners believe that an individual's particular pattern of passive breathing can lead to insights about their unconscious mind.

A practice that uses rapid breathing and other elements such as music to put individuals in altered states of consciousness. It was developed by Stanislav Grof as a successor to his LSD based psychedelic therapy, following the suppression of legal LSD use in the late 1960s. Side effects of the hyperventilation aspect of holotropic breathwork can include cramping in the hands and around the mouth.

A process described as releasing suppressed traumatic childhood memories, especially those related to one's own birth. Orr proposed that correct breathing can cure disease and relieve pain. Orr devised rebirthing therapy in the 1970s after he supposedly re lived his own birth while in the bath. There is no evidence that individuals can remember their births. Memories of one's birth that appear to resurface during a rebirthing breathwork practice are believed to be the result of false memories. Rebirthing breathwork is one of the practices critiqued by anti cult experts Margaret Singer and Janja Lalich in the book Crazy Therapies: What Are They? Do They Work?

In addition to a practitioner, breathwork sessions will often have "sitters" present. Sitters are individuals who provide emotional or physical support to those practicing breathwork. A 2023 review said that results showed that breathwork may be effective for improving stress and mental health, but urged caution until more research has been done.

Breathwork may be helpful for relaxation and stress in a similar way to meditation. Anxiety may be helped by breathwork.