Мексикалық Демократиялық Партиясы: Тарихы мен саяси жолы

The Mexican Democratic Party (lang es, PDM, El Partido Gallito Colorado) was an ultra Catholic social conservative political party in Mexico that existed between 1979 and 1997. At its height in 1982, the party had over 500,000 active voters and 12 seats in the Mexican Chamber of Deputies (Cámara de Diputados).

The PDM had its origin in the Manuel Torres Bueno wing of the right wing Catholic and the clerical fascist National Synarchist Union (UNS), who fought openly against anti Catholic articles of the Constitution of 1917, particularly in the states of Jalisco, Aguascalientes, Querétaro, Guanajuato and Michoacán, the states in which the Cristero War was fought from 1926 to 1929. Whilst the UNS faded after the 1940s it continued as a local group and was boosted, along with a number of other opposition groups, by a series of electoral reforms during the 1970s that introduced an element of proportional representation into the electoral system. As a result of these, the UNS, the activities of which were largely confined to Guanajuato, was reconstituted as a new political party called the Mexican Democratic Party. The party was formed against a backdrop of renewed importance for the Catholic Church in Mexican society, with a growth in the influence of groups such as Opus Dei whilst the opposition National Action Party (PAN) self identified as Catholic. The two parties differed however in that the PDM drew support from the rural lower classes, whilst the PAN was firmly the province of the urban middle classes, and the PAN had a more moderate platform than the PDM. It increased its representation to 12 seats in the 1982 election. It was in the old UNS heartlands that the PDM obtained its greatest electoral presence, prevailing in several important municipalities like Lagos de Moreno in Jalisco or the city of Guanajuato. Although the PDM managed to gain seats in the Chamber of Deputies, it was a very small opposition party compared to the PAN, having gained only 2.3% of the nationwide vote during the 1982 general election. Even so, if its seat increase from the 1979 congressional election to the 1982 election is considered, the PDM had the second highest (after the PAN) percentage increase of total votes out of all the political parties in Mexico.

In the presidential elections of 1988 the party started to lose support. In the presidential elections of 1994, the party supported the candidature of Pablo Emilio Madero and was renamed National Opposition Union (UNO) after having joined with several small conservative organizations. It lost its registry. It again recovered it in 1996, but in the 1997 elections, it lost its registry again. Many of their militants conformed in 1999 the new Social Alliance Party, which did not obtain notable political presence in the country either. In 2013, former members of the party began to lay the groundwork for the re registration of the party to take part in mid term elections in 2015.

Election year Candidate Votes % Outcome Notes 1982 Ignacio González Gollaz 433,886 1.9 #4 Lost 1988 Gumersindo Magaña Negrete 199,484 1.04 #4 Lost 1994 Pablo Emilio Madero 97,935 0.28 #9 Lost

Election year Constituency PR # of seats PositionPresidency Note votes % votes % 1979 293,540 2.3 #5 José López Portillo 1982 534,122 2.1 #5 Miguel de la Madrid 1985 507,710 2.9 #4 Miguel de la Madrid 1988 244,458 1.3 #7 Carlos Salinas de Gortari 1991 276,661 1.2 #7 Carlos Salinas de Gortari 1994 151,100 0.4 #9 Ernesto Zedillo 1997 193,509 0.7 #7 Ernesto Zedillo