Қытайдың жойғыш авиациясы: Shenyang J-11 ұшағы

Chinese air superiority fighter

The Shenyang J 11 (Chinese: 歼 11) is a twin engine jet fighter of the People's Republic of China whose airframe is derived from the Soviet designed Sukhoi Su 27. It is manufactured by the Shenyang Aircraft Corporation (SAC). The aircraft is operated by the People's Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF) and the People's Liberation Army Naval Air Force (PLANAF).

Based on experience from the Vietnam War, the PLAAF issued a requirement in 1969 for a STOL light fighter to replace the Shenyang J 6 and Nanchang Q 5. The proposal from the Shenyang Aircraft Design Institute and Shenyang Aircraft Factory was designated "J 11"; it resembled a French Dassault Mirage F1 and was powered by a British Rolls Royce Spey 512 engine. The project was abandoned as no suitable engine could be procured, and the competing Nanchang J 12 was far more advanced.

China was the Su 27's first export customer. China turned to the Soviet Union for weapons following the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and the resulting Western arms embargo. China selected the Su 27 over the Mikoyan MiG 29. Three orders were made in the 1990s, and the deliveries of 36 Su 27SKs and 42 Su 27UBKs started in 1992 and continued into the 2000s.

In 1996, China Rosoboronexport entered a $1.2 billion agreement permitting SAC to produce 200 Su 27UBKs Russia resisted China's demands for upgraded avionics, eventually upgrading the obsolescent N001 pulse Doppler radar with the improved N001V. Production of the J 11A, an "indigenous" variant, began in 2000. By 2006, at least 105 J 11 and J 11As had been produced with improved domestic avionics. a variant with domestic subsystems in violation of the co production agreement. However, through 2009 China continued to hold licenses to produce Russian aircraft and components, which included previously confidential provisions concerning intellectual property (IP). The original licence did not officially include carrier capable aircraft (eg. Sukhoi Su 33) or variants (eg. Shenyang J 15). By 2015, J 11s were upgraded with Chinese made missile approach warning systems (MAWS). Unconfirmed upgrades included improved cockpit displays, and fire control systems for R 77 or PL 10 missiles.

By 2004, the J 11 was being tested with the Shenyang WS 10. Testing may have started as early as 2002; an image from the 2002 China International Aviation & Aerospace Exhibition allegedly depicted a J 11 with one engine replaced with a WS 10. WS 10 development proved difficult. One regiment converted to WS 10 powered J 11Bs in 2007, but was grounded for an extended period due to poor operational reliability. The WS 10A reportedly matured enough after 2009 to power the J 11B Block 02 aircraft, and Jane's reported the J 11B as powered by the WS 10 in 2014.

PLAAF J 11Bs participated in Shaheen 1, a joint Sino Pakistani exercise, in March 2011. This was the first time the PLAAF conducted "operational" aerial maneuvers in Pakistan with the PAF.

On 19 August 2014 a J 11B intercepted a U. S. Navy P 8 Poseidon anti submarine warfare aircraft that was over the South China Sea. The U. S. Department of Defense released details at a press conference on 22 August 2014 with Admiral John Kirby as spokesperson. According to Kirby, the incident occurred 135 mile (217 km) east of Hainan Island, in international airspace. The Chinese jet "crossed under the aircraft with one pass having only 50–100 feet [] separation. The Chinese jet also passed the nose of the P 8 at 90 degrees with its belly toward the P 8 Poseidon, believed to be displaying its weapons load out. Afterwards, the J 11 flew directly under and alongside the P 8, bringing their wingtips, as I said, to within 20 feet [6.10 m]. And then conducted a roll over the P 8, passing within 45 feet [13.72 m]." He said the "unprofessional" and "unsafe" actions of the Chinese pilot was "not keeping with the kind of military to military relationship" the U. S. sought to establish with China. An official complaint was sent to China through regular diplomatic channels. The Pentagon commented further that: "Military activities may be conducted within the Exclusive Economic Zone of another nation as an exercise of the freedoms of navigation and overflight."

J 11: License produced Su 27UBKs from Russian provided kits. ): Chinese developed variant with domestic subsystems
J 11BH: Naval version of the J 11B. It was first sighted in May 2010. J 11BSH: Naval version of the J 11BS. Further information confirmed the existence of the J 11BG upgrade including AESA radar, avonics upgrade, helmet mounted sight, and the capability to launch PL 10 and PL 15 missiles. J 11BGH: Upgrade of J 11BH, the naval version of the J 11BG. J 11D: Variant possibly equipped with fixed electronically scanned array radar, IRST, and capability to fire heavier imaging/infrared (IIR) air to air missiles. The airframe makes greater use of composite materials, especially in the engine intakes for lower radar observability. The wings have three hardpoints each. Unconfirmed reports claim it has a new fly by wire control system, glass cockpit, improved EW systems, and an improved version of the WS 10A engine.