Павел Штернберг: Революционер және астроном өмірі

Russian astronomer and academic

Pavel Karlovich Shternberg (Павел Карлович Штернберг; April 2, [O. S. March 21] 1865 – February 1, 1920, both dates New Style) was a Russian professor, academic, astronomer, Bolshevik and revolutionary of German decent. Shternberg contributed to the abolition of the Tsarist government by Alexander Kerensky during the February Revolution of 1917. He was an acquaintance of two notable revolutionaries, Vladimir Lenin and Leon Trotsky.

Pavel Shternberg was born in Oryol, one of eleven children of a railway contractor. His father was a German immigrant and a subject of Duchy of Braunschweig who used to be a merchant. He studied mathematics and physics at Moscow University, where he showed exceptional ability in astronomy. His work included processing on the data on Jupiter's Great Red Spot. His significant astronomical contributions include discovery of the planetary perturbations, the measurement of the latitude of the Moscow Astronomical Observatory, and the application of photography to astronomy. The primary subject of his astrophotography was capturing double stars. In 1914, he was appointed a Professor of Moscow University. In 1916, he was appointed head of the Moscow Observatory. Unusually, as well as being one of the leading Russian scientists of his day, Shternberg was an active revolutionary. Varvara Yakovleva, his future wife, who was a teenage mathematics student in a Moscow women's college, is credited with persuading him to join Bolshevik faction of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party in 1905. During the 1905 revolution, he hid weapons in his laboratory that were used during the armed Moscow rising. In January 1918, the provincial commissioner and professor of the Higher Courses for Women, Pavel Sternberg, issued a security certificate to the collection of the State Darwin Museum. In March 1918, concurrently, he was appointed a member of the Collegium of the People's Commissariat of Education and head of the Department of Higher Education. In July 1918, he took part in the preparation and holding of the Meeting of University Workers on the Reform of Higher Education. In November 1919, the car in which he was travelling fell through the ice into a river in Siberia. Despite being rushed back to Moscow for treatment, he died of pleurisy.