Lancia Prisma: 1982-1989 жылдардағы отбасылық седан

The Lancia Prisma (Tipo 831) is a small family car built by Italian car manufacturer Lancia between 1982 and 1989. It was a saloon version of the first generation Lancia Delta hatchback, and like the Delta it was designed by Giorgetto Giugiaro. Like the Delta it was also available as a 4x4 integrale version, although with a non turbocharged engine and an air locking rear differential.

The Lancia Prisma was a four door, five seat saloon with steel unibody construction, front transverse mounted engines in block with the transaxle and all independent suspension. Suspension consisted of MacPherson struts with offset telescopic dampers and coil springs, and anti roll bars on both axles. The front struts were located by a stamped steel control arm and one radius rod; the rear by two parallel transverse links (the rearmost one adjustable for toe regulation) attached to a crossmember and one trailing link.

The task of transforming the Delta into a saloon car was given to its original designer Giorgetto Giugiaro, who worked on the car between 1979 and 1980.

The Prisma was launched in late December 1982 while its European première was held at that year Geneva Motor Show. The initial range was composed of five models, equivalent to that the freshly revised 1982 Delta. Prisma 1300 was powered by a 1301 cc 78 PS engine mated to a 5 speed gearbox; a 1498 cc 85 PS engine was available with the same gearbox on Prisma 1500, or with Lancia's own Verrone built 3 speed automatic transmission on the Prisma 1500 automatica. At the top of the range there was Prisma 1600, mounting the 1585 cc 105 PS twin cam engine from the Delta 1600 GT, with Marelli Digiplex ignition. Similarly to the Delta GT, the Prisma 1600 was also equipped with four disc brakes, a 5 speed gearbox with dedicated ratios and lower profile tyres on wider wheels; it also boasted the amplest standard equipment, Zegna designed chequerboard wool cloth upholstery and some exclusive options, such as air conditioning. June 1984 marked the introduction of the Lancia Prisma diesel, the marque's first modern diesel engined passenger car. The diesel was imperative, as more than a third of Italian sales in the Prisma's class were of diesel powered cars. The diesel engine was light, only weighing more than the 1.6 liter petrol unit. The 1.9 litre engine from the Prisma diesel received a KKK turbocharger with wastegate valve, an intercooler and an oil cooler; its gearbox was the same ZF 5 speed unit used on the Delta HF turbo. Power was 80 PS and torque The turbo diesel Prisma adopted disk brakes, wheels and tyres from the top of the range 1600 as well as similarly rich equipment, and added standard power steering.

A major mid cycle refresh débuted at the April 1986 Turin Motor Show. Changes were made to the exterior and interior of the car. Outside there were more modern, enveloping bumpers—the front one with provisions for integrated fog lights; the redesigned grille and bonnet bore a family resemblance to the flagship Thema. Also new were the ventilation grille on the C pillar and full wheel hubcaps. Inside new seats, new instrumentation and air conditioning system. The 1986 range included seven models, two of them all new: 1.3, 1.5, 1.5 Automatica, 1.6, 1.6 i. e., 4WD, diesel and turbo ds. it came with standard two tone paintwork in a choice of three tone on tone combinations, a matching Alcantara interior, and a drop in price from the 4WD — at least in the home market where prices were cut by 10 percent. The last update for the Prisma was the introduction of the eighth model in the range, the upmarket Prisma 1.5 LX, in March 1988. The LX trim added metallic paint, checked cloth interior with beige carpeting and convenience equipment. The successor of the Prisma, the Lancia Dedra, was unveiled in early 1989, with sales commencing in May; production of the Prisma ended in 1989.

Lancia's permanent four wheel drive system was based on three differentials. An epicyclic gear train served as centre differential, splitting the torque between the front and rear axle according to a fixed predetermined ratio—56% front/44% rear on the Prisma 4WD. The ring gear of the epicyclic differential meshed with the gearbox output shaft, its sun gear transmitted torque the front open differential, and its planet carrier, through a pair of bevel gears and a three piece drive shaft, to the rear differential. A Ferguson coupling controlled the centre differential, preventing excessive relative slippage of the two axles. The epicyclic differential, the Ferguson coupling and the front differential were mounted coaxially in a single transverse unit just behind the engine. In place of the complex Torsen rear differential of the Delta HF 4WD, the Prisma 4WD had a simpler "open" type one, with differential lock—useful at low speeds in low grip conditions—controlled by the driver via a switch on the dashboard. This difference reflected the different goals of the two systems and the destination of the two vehicles: the Delta HF was designed for sport driving, the Prisma for all conditions safe driving.

As on the Delta, the SOHC engines were derived from the Fiat Ritmo, revised by Lancia engineers with a Weber twin choke carburettor, a new inlet manifold, exhaust system and ignition. On Fiat engines Lancia make their own aluminium heads and fuel injection systems, only some parts of Fiat can be used for restoration of Lancia i. e. engines. Model Productionperiod Displacement ValvetrainFuel & induction syst. Peak power Peak torque Accel.0–100 km/h (0 62 mph) Top speed Petrol engines 1300 1982–1986 SOHC 8v, twin choke carburetor at 5800 rpm at 3400 rpm 14.3 s 1.3 1986–1989 at 5800 rpm at 3400 rpm — — 1.3 at 5800 rpm at 3400 rpm 14.0 s 1500 1982–1986 SOHC 8v, twin choke carburetor at 5800 rpm at 3500 rpm 12.0 s 1500 aut. 14.3 s 1.5 1986–1989 at 5600 rpm at 3000 rpm — — 1.5 at 5600 rpm at 3200 rpm 12.1 s 1.5 aut. 14.3 s 1600 1982–1986 DOHC 8v, twin choke carburetor at 5800 rpm at 3500 rpm 10.2 s 1.6 1986–1989 at 5900 rpm at 5000 rpm 10.2 s 1.6 i. e. DOHC 8v, IAW MPI at 6250 rpm at 4250 rpm — — 1.6 i. e. at 5900 rpm at 3500 rpm 9.5 s 4WD 1986–1987 DOHC 8v, 2 BS, IAW MPI at 5400 rpm at 3250 rpm 10.5 s integrale 1987–1989 Diesel engines diesel 1984–1989 SOHC 8v, injection pump at 4600 rpm at 2000 rpm 16.0 s turbo diesel 1984–1986 SOHC 8v, injection pump,KKK turbo, intercooler at 4200 rpm at 2400 rpm 12.9 s turbo ds 1986–1989