Филиппин ассамблеясы: 1907-1916 жылдардағы төменгі палата

Lower house of the Philippine Legislature from 1907 to 1916

The Philippine Assembly (sometimes called the Philippine National Assembly) was the lower house of the Philippine Legislature from 1907 to 1916, when it was renamed the House of Representatives of the Philippines. The Philippine Assembly was the first national legislative body fully chosen by elections. The Assembly was created by the 1902 Philippine Organic Act of the United States Congress, which established the Insular Government of the Philippines. Along with an upper house (the appointed Philippine Commission), it formed the bicameral Philippine Legislature during the American colonial period. In 1916, the Jones Act replaced the Philippine Organic Act and the Assembly became the current House of Representatives of the Philippines. The first Philippine Assembly elections were held on July 30, 1907. The inauguration of the assembly marked a "turning point in the country’s history, for its creation marked the commencement of Filipino participation in self governance and a big leap towards self determination."

The United States of America gained control of the Philippines following the 1898 Spanish–American War and the subsequent Philippine–American War.

In accordance with the Philippine Organic Act, the Philippine Commission conducted a census in 1903, published on March 25, 1905. Although several parties and independent candidates ran for the Assembly, two political parties dominated, the Nacionalista Party and the Progresista Party. The Nacionalista Party, which was in favor of "immediate and complete independence" from the United States and was led by future President Sergio Osmeña, captured a majority of the 80 seat Assembly.

On October 16, 1907, the Philippine Assembly was inaugurated at the Manila Grand Opera House. It was proved that Gomez was a Spanish citizen and a new election for his seat was called. Gomez still ran in the election and beat Lukban by a larger margin, about 400 votes. Gomez was permitted to take his seat, but not after seven months has passed, and after Osmeña was elected Speaker on October 16, 1907, with Quezon as the majority floor leader. The defeat of the Progresistas in the elections hastened their downfall; the Nacionalista Party will continue to dominate the elections for the legislature, and the Progresistas, and later their successor the Democratas, will remain in opposition. The First Philippine Assembly is best remembered to reigniting efforts towards independence and for improving education in the Philippines. The Philippine Commission was replaced by the elected Senate of the Philippines and the Assembly became the House of Representatives of the Philippines.