Уилтширдегі Бишопстон ауылының тарихы

Bishopstone is a village and civil parish in Wiltshire, England, in the Ebble valley about 5.5 mile (9 km) south west of Salisbury. The parish is on the county boundary with Hampshire and includes the small village of Croucheston and the hamlet of The Pitts (now Pitts Road).

The area was settled in prehistoric times. There was a bowl barrow near Croucheston Down Farm and Grim's Ditch, a prehistoric earthwork, forms the southern boundary of the parish. The Roman road from Old Sarum to Dorchester crosses the river near Throope. Before the 10th century, much of the land forming the present day parish was part of a large estate called Downton. Early in the 10th century a manor at what is now Bishopstone was granted to Winchester Abbey as an early endowment; around that time the whole river valley was known as Ebbesborne, and the village had the same name. A prefix "Bishop's" was sometimes used to distinguish the village from another in the same valley, and in the later Middle Ages the parish became known as Bishopstone; meanwhile the other village became Ebbesbourne Wake. The Domesday Book in 1086 divided the Chalke Valley into eight manors: Chelke (Chalke – Broad Chalke and Bowerchalke), Eblesborne (Ebbesbourne Wake), Fifehide (Fifield Bavant), Cumbe (Coombe Bissett), Humitone (Homington), Odestoche (Odstock), Stradford (Stratford Tony and Bishopstone) and Trow (circa Alvediston and Tollard Royal). The parish contained six ancient townships, possibly since Saxon times, each with land bounded by the river. To the north of the river these were Bishopstone (with the parish church), Netton and Flamston; to the south, Throope, Faulston and Croucheston. manor was inherited in 1328 by Thomas Benton (d. 1358) whose descendants had surnames Baynton or Bayntun. The estate was confiscated from Sir Robert Baynton in 1475 for his support of Henry VI at the Battle of Tewkesbury, and granted to John Cheyne, later Baron Cheyne; but returned in 1503 to Sir Robert's son John (d. 1516). After Isabel's death in 1573, the manor was inherited by a younger son Henry, who sat for several Wiltshire constituencies but "without leaving any mark on the known proceedings of the House". Henry sold the manor to Charles Vaughan in 1577, and it was inherited in 1584 by his grand nephew Walter Vaughan (c.1572–1639) who sat in Parliament for one term, was High Sheriff in 1599–1600, and later deputy lieutenant. The manor passed to his younger son George (knighted 1643), who commanded a regiment of Royalist cavalry at the Battle of Lansdowne. After Wiltshire fell to the Parliamentarians in 1645, they seized Sir George's house and used it as the meeting place of the 'Falstone House Committee', which determined the fines to be paid by 47 Wiltshire Royalist supporters. The rectory, now called Bishopstone House, was built in yellow brick around 1820 to designs of Bath architect John Lowder; it was sold into private use in the 1950s. Manor Farm was built in the early 19th century for the Wilton estate, the house in red brick and the later outbuildings in characteristic banded brick and flint. Netton developed as a linear village along what is now Pitts Lane and Netton Street. Netton Old Farmhouse, two storeys in chequered flint and limestone under a thatched roof, has a 1637 date tablet. To the west, the former Three Horseshoes Inn is from the 18th century. Also in this area is the parish hall, built in 1885 and extended in 1921. Chapel Lane has the former Methodist chapel Further south, 'Old Rafters' is a 16th century timber framed cottage, again brick, flint and thatch, altered in later centuries. Next to the river is a corn mill which was in use until the 1990s and may be on the site of the mill recorded in the 13th century. At Faulston, farmsteads were abandoned in the Middle Ages to leave only the manor house and its farm. The present Faulstone House is a rebuilding of c.1800 in dressed limestone and a tiled roof. A tall dovecote from the early 17th century, in flint with dressed limestone bands under a conical tiled roof, is Grade II* listed; it may have been part of the fortifications of the earlier house. Faulston had a corn mill with a house attached, downstream from the settlement and known as Lower Mill, which was in use until the 1940s. Traces of a 12th century building are found in the rubble walls of the nave, and a small blank arch with a Norman head. The priest's door on the south side of the chancel has a deep vaulted hood with an ogee gable and crocket parapet. Inside the church, a triple sedilia has ornately carved vaults and pinnacles. Orbach praises the vaulted roofs of the chancel and south transept.

By 1264 the church had a rector and a vicar, but from 1584 it was customary to appoint the same man to both positions. In 1815 the two benefices were united in a rectory. A group ministry was established for the Ebble valley in 1972, and today the parish is part of the wider Chalke Valley Churches benefice alongside twelve others. Parish registers from 1636 are held at the Wiltshire and Swindon History Centre, Chippenham. His son, also Francis, was curate from 1847 and rector 1850–1914, then archdeacon of Salisbury from 1875 to 1913.

A Primitive Methodist chapel was opened in 1833 at Croucheston and continued in use until 1978.

A school was built in Pitts Road in 1843 and educated children of all ages until 1932 when it became a junior school. It closed in 1977 due to falling pupil numbers. Bishopstone has a village hall. It also has a pub, the White Hart. There was another, the Three Horseshoes, in an 18th century building,