Сен-Ном-ла-Бретеш: Тарихы мен қазіргі жағдайы

Saint Nom la Bretèche (sɛ̃ nɔ̃ la bʁətɛʃ) is a commune in the Yvelines department in the Île de France region in north central France.

Saint Nom la Bretèche was built around 4 core hamlets near the Forest of Marly. The village takes its name from a 9th century co bishop, saint Nonne, who re evangelized the country after the Norman invasions, and from La Bretesche, a wooden stronghold (from breit eiche: big oak tree) consisting of a hamlet at the edge of the forest of Cruye, now the forest of Marly. The hamlet was originally called "Saint Nonne au Val de Galie", the name of the parish, then "Saint Nom près de la Bretesche" and since the Revolution, "Saint Nom la Bretèche". During the French Revolution the district was called "La Montagne Fromentale" and then "l'Union la Bretesche". The hamlets of Avinières, Val Martin, La Tuilerie Bignon were the responsibility of numerous lords, as well as of the Dames de Poissy and the Vaux de Cernay Abbey. The north of the village, La Bretèche, was part of Marly Park, while the south, Saint Nom, was part of Versailles Park, making it difficult for the village as a whole to acquire an identity well into the 20th century. Steady demographic growth, which accelerated significantly after 1982, eventually unified the two villages and allowed the building of a "Centre Village" and a Library by 2000. Some historic structures in the village suffered irreparable damage from a freak storm with tornado strength winds that struck France in December 1999. The storm, which also damaged nearby Versailles, uprooted centuries old trees and part of the wall of the Château de la Bretèche along the Route de Sainte Gemme.

The Saint Nom la Bretèche–Forêt de Marly station is served by Transilien commuter trains and Île de France tramway Line 13 Express.

Saint Nom is known internationally for its golf course in the Tuilerie area.

In 1954, Mr. Ortet, owner of the "Ferme de le Tuilerie", asked a real estate agent, Daniel Feau, to find a potential buyer for his property. Feau wanted to build a large golf course in the Paris area. On May 2, 1957, Mr. Entem, mayor of the village, officially revealed the project of a golf course to the town council. 1959 saw the opening of a 36 hole golf course.

Saint Nom resident Gaëtan Mourgue D'Algue wanted to popularize the then little known sport of Golf in France. With Dominique Motte, he suggested the creation of a new "champion trophy" to Pierre Menet, the chairman of the Lancôme Company, whose goal would be to bring together eight of the best players in the world. The Canada Cup, took place in Saint Nom La Bretèche in 1963, which enhanced the village's international reputation. The first 54 hole competition took place in 1970 and was won by Tony Jacklin. Renamed "Trophée Lancôme" it was played by Arnold Palmer, Gary Player and Seve Ballesteros.

The Ferme de Saint Nom, given by a lord of Poissy to the Vaux de Cernay monastery in 1228, and profited from numerous donations. By incrementally and regularly gaining plots of land, the cistercian monks turned the agricultural estate into what was then considered to be a model farm, setting well distributed buildings around a farmyard. Sold as public property during the French Revolution, the farm was greatly modified during the 17th and 18th centuries. In the 20th century, lodgings were established on the property; the only remaining memento of the original farm was the inscription of its name, written over the porchway.

Now private property, formerly fief of the Pomereu family for over two centuries. It was sold to King Louis XIV in 1700 for the Comte de Toulouse (legitimatized son of the King and Madame de Montespan) who housed his hunting equipment on the premises. The castle was subsequently purchased by numerous lords, one of whom was Jean Pierre Richard, father of the famous painter and engraver Jean Claude Richard, the "Abbé de Saint Nom".

The Ferme de Valmartin belonged to a seigniory until 1600, when it was sold to the nuns of the Royal convent of the Dames de Poissy. It was transformed into a farm by the end of the 18th century, where it was used to breed merino sheep. The farm was sold as public property during the French Revolution.

Formerly part of Versailles Park, this land was later turned into Saint Nom's prestigious golf course.

The church was originally a tithe barn belonging to the Ferme de St Nom. A watchtower was erected to protect the church in the 12th century. The church has been expanded, partially destroyed and remodeled between the 12th and 20th centuries. It was restored in the late 20th century.

The Forêt de Marly is an ancient oak forest formerly called the Forêt de Cruye. It covers one third of Saint Nom.

The coat of arms of Saint Nom shows in its center the "fasce bretessée" which evokes the etymology of Bretèche (from the Latin bretachiae): a fortification built at the entrance of a forest. The three five petalled leaves of the Potentilla reptans symbolize the Forest of Marly le Roi, a large part of which belongs to Saint Nom. The fork tailed lion comes from the seal of Amaury de Montfort, shown on historical charts dating back to 1226 and leased to the Monks of Saint Nom. The crown of the crest shows a three towered wall, which was the symbol worn by Greek goddesses, guardians of the cities.

Saint Nom la Bretèche is twinned with Valley Village, California. Along with Chavenay, Crespières and Feucherolles, Saint Nom is also twinned with Rösrath, Germany.