Герман Вирт: Нацист тарихшы және ежелгі мәдениеттер зерттеушісі

Dutch German historian, Nazi and scholar

Herman Wirth (alternatively referred to as Herman Wirth Roeper Bosch or Herman Felix Wirth (also spelled Hermann); 6 May 1885 in Utrecht – 16 February 1981 in Kusel) was a Dutch German historian, a Nazi and scholar of ancient religions and symbols. He co founded the SS organization Ahnenerbe but was later pushed out by Heinrich Himmler.

Born in Utrecht on 6 May 1885, Wirth studied Flemish Dutch philology, literature, history and musicology at Utrecht and Leipzig, receiving his doctorate in 1911 from the University of Basel with a dissertation on the demise of the Dutch folk song. He taught Dutch language at the University of Berlin from 1909 to 1914. World War I broke out in 1914, and Wirth volunteered for military service in the German army, where he was assigned to monitor the Flemish separatists in German occupied Belgium. In 1916 he was decorated, dismissed from service, and subsequently appointed by Kaiser Wilhelm II as a professor (Titularprofessor). From October 1932, he attempted to set up a research institute the Forschungsinstitut für Urgeschichte in Bad Doberan, associated with a professorship at Rostock university, supported by the NSDAP state government of Mecklenburg Schwerin. Headed by Wirth, the institute became extremely controversial in professional circles as well as among noted NSDAP intellectuals. Due to a lack of funds and Wirth's expensive way of life, the institute folded within a year. The Hermann Wirth Gesellschaft, founded in 1928, also suffered. Wirth was among those who tried to reinterpret Christianity in terms of an ethnic Nordic origin of original monotheism. In 1934 Wirth advanced plans to set up an organization called Deutsches Ahnenerbe e. V., which was intended to host and exhibit his collection. Although he was supported by Roselius, the Verein was seemingly never established. But von Leers had brought Wirth into contact with Heinrich Himmler and Richard Walther Darré, who showed interest in Wirth's ideas. Wirth continued his research, repeatedly financed by Himmler; both men kept in touch. Wirth remained an SS officer, but had, in spite of having Himmler's support, a hard time in finding a new job at Marburg University.

Captured in 1945 by the U. S. Army, Wirth was detained and interviewed for two years. Feeling unwelcome in the Netherlands, he then moved to Sweden, before returning to Marburg in 1954, where he lived as a private scholar. Although he continued to defend Nazi principles, Wirth's teachings about "Urkulturen" (original cultures) found resonance in the evolving alternative scene, and in the 1970s gained support from North American native groups. In the late 1970s, politicians in Rhineland Palatinate, including the state government and delegates from Kusel, supported a project to set up a museum to exhibit Wirth's ethnographic collection in the tithe barn of Lichtenberg Castle. When journals began to write about his Ahnenerbe past, the project was aborted. The influential Chilean neo Nazi Miguel Serrano interviewed Wirth in September 1979. According to Serrano, Wirth complained to him that his magnum opus Palestinabuch had recently been stolen. There are, indeed, indications that Wirth had worked between 1933 and 1969 on an anti semitic text, which would serve as a counterpart to the Ura Linda Chronicle. Since then, due to the publications of Serrano and of the Russian philosopher Aleksandr Dugin, the idea of a lost major manuscript has gained cult status in extreme right wing circles. Wirth died in 1981 in Kusel.

Wirth claimed that civilization is a curse that only a simpler way of life, as documented in archaeological findings and historical records, could lift. He has been criticized for romantic nationalism and Germanomania. He was also criticized by German scholars of his time, like Bolko von Richthofen, Gerhard Gloege, Arthur Hübner and , for "gullibly refusing to accept" the evidence that proved Ura Linda chronicle (a 6th–1st century BC chronicle of a Frisian family that he translated) a forgery. Wirth placed the origins of European civilization on the mythological island of Atlantis, which he thought had been located in the North Atlantic, connecting North America and Europe. Its inhabitants supposedly were pure Aryans, influencing the cultures not just of Europeans but also of the natives of North America and the wider "Old World" beyond Europe. According to Wirth, these Atlanteans worshipped a single deity whose aspect changed with the seasons and its son, the Heilsbringer. In their religion, priestesses played a key role. Wirth thought that both the Jewish and the Christian faith were perversions of this original religion. He considered himself a symbologist and thought the Germanic people to be direct descendants of these inhabitants of Atlantis. Researching the Germanic culture thus was a way of reconstructing the original culture of the ancients. All of this research was considered explicitly political as well as religious. Wirth's ideas inspired the design of Haus Atlantis in the Böttcherstraße in Bremen. This was referred to in a speech by Hitler at the 1936 Reichsparteitag, in which he denounced the "Böttcher Straßen Kultur". from Wirth’s work "The Chronicle of Oera Linda" ("Die Ura Linda Chronik", 1933). In 1996, Dobrovolsky declared a modified swastika, the eight rayed "Kolovrat", supposedly a pagan sign of the Sun, as the symbol of the uncompromising "national liberation struggle" against the "Zhyd yoke". This swastika has become the main symbol of Russian neopagans.