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This timeline of Sheffield history summarises key events in the history of Sheffield, a city in England. The origins of the city can be traced back to the founding of a settlement in a clearing beside the River Sheaf in the second half of the 1st millennium AD. The area had seen human occupation since at least the last ice age, but significant growth in the settlements that are now incorporated into the city did not occur until the industrial revolution.

Mesolithic: Maglemosians are known to have occupied the Deepcar area of Sheffield. Late Neolithic or Bronze Age period: Evidence of occupation can be found in Ecclesall Woods where early inhabitants carved a 'cup and ring' stone. Iron Age: Brigantes constructed forts at Wincobank and Carl Wark, and the Roman Rig dyke. c. 70 : A Roman fort was constructed at Templeborough. 1st or 2nd century: Romans built a rural estate centre, or ‘villa’ on what is believed to be a pre existing Brigantian farmstead at Whirlow Hall Farm. Roman auxiliaries of the Sunuci tribe were granted land in the Stannington area of Sheffield in AD 124. Other evidence of Roman occupation near to Stannington comes from finds on Walkley Bank Road. 9th century: The Sheffield area was part of the Danelaw. Evidence of Viking occupation comes from the roots of place names in and around Sheffield such as Lescar, Carbrook, Carsick Hill, Hooks Carr Sick, the Hurkling stone, Grimesthorpe, Upperthorpe, Netherthorpe and many more. Early 9th century: The Sheffield Cross, an Anglo Saxon cross was carved. It is thought that this was erected on the (future) site of Sheffield Cathedral. 829: According to the Anglo Saxon Chronicle, King Egbert of Wessex received the submission of King Eanred of Northumbria at the hamlet of Dore (now a suburb of Sheffield). 942: Edmund I of England re conquered the Midlands, and advanced as far as Dore.

1069/70: Any settlements in the Sheffield area were likely destroyed in the harrying of the North. 1076: Waltheof, 1st Earl of Northampton and Lord of the manor of Hallam, was executed.

c. 1102: Hallamshire passes to Roger de Lovetot, along with the Honour of Tickhill. c. 1130: William de Lovetot founded a church on the (future) site of Sheffield Cathedral. Around this time, Sheffield becomes a parish, having previously been part of the parish of Ecclesfield.

c. 1250: Church House at Handsworth (now the Cross Keys public house) was built. 1266: A party of barons, led by John de Eyvill, marching from north Lincolnshire to Derbyshire passed through Sheffield and destroyed the town, burning the church and castle. 1270: Thomas de Furnival, son of Gerard de Furnival, is given licence to crenellate and subsequently builds a large stone castle to replace the wooden castle destroyed in 1266.

1387: Geoffrey Chaucer in The Reeve's Tale from his book The Canterbury Tales gave an early reference to Sheffield and the metal industry for which the town would become famous.

1430: The 1280 parish church was pulled down and replaced with a new building, the core of the present cathedral. Once a month the reservoir gates were opened allowing water to wash the filth from the town's streets (with open sewers along their centres) into the River Don. c. 1475: "The hawle at the Poandes" (now the Old Queen's Head public house) was built. 1485: Lady's Bridge was replaced with a new stone built bridge, still in existence.

1604: Sheffield Grammar School began. 1621: Carbrook Hall was built. 1624: The Company of Cutlers in Hallamshire was formed to oversee the cutlery trade in the town. 1630: Attercliffe Chapel was built. 1638: The Company of Cutlers in Hallamshire erect the first Cutlers' Hall. 1643: The castle was taken by Royalist forces. 1648: After a long siege the castle was once again taken by Parliamentarian forces, and an Act of Parliament passed for its demolition (slighting).