Америка-Советтік дизель локомотивтері: ALCO RSD 1 және оның советтік аналогтары

Class of 150 American (later Soviet) 1000hp Co′Co′ diesel electric locomotives

The ALCO RSD 1 was a diesel electric locomotive built by the American Locomotive Company (ALCO). This model was a road switcher type rated at and rode on three axle trucks, having a C C wheel arrangement. It was often used in much the same manner as its four axle counterpart, the ALCO RS 1, though the six motor design allowed better tractive effort at lower speeds, as well as a lower weight per axle. It was developed to meet the need to supply the Soviet Union over the Trans Iranian Railway starting in mid 1943. On the other hand, due to the traction generator and appurtenant control apparatus being sized for four axles and yet having two additional powered axles, it had poorer performance at higher speeds.

There were three different specifications issued that covered the RSD 1 model; E1645 and E1646 were for wartime production for the US Army, while E1647 was a post war order for the Mexican National Railways (Ferrocarriles Nacionales de México).

Seventy of the RSD 1s were shipped overseas to the Soviet Union in early 1945 during World War II, as part of the Allied war effort. They were classed there as the Soviet Railways ДA20 (DA20) class, also known just as ДА after 1947 (D for Diesel, A for Alco and 20 for axle load in tons).

The Soviet built TE1 (ТЭ1), initially designed TE1 20, was a reverse engineered copy of the Alco product, adapted to metric system and Soviet norms. They were almost identical, but locomotives after #TE1 20 122 had 1050 mm (41.34 inch), instead of 40 inch wheels (1016 mm). The TE5 (ТЭ5) was a cold climate version of the TE1. The cab was extended for most of the locomotive to provide covered access to the engine and a boiler was added to keep the cab warm when the engine was not running. Only two (or five) TE5 were built, within TE1 series.

The first 13 RS 1s were requisitioned by the US Army, returned to ALCO and rebuilt to RSD 1s #8000 8012 for use on the Trans Iranian Railroad. This effort was to supply the Soviet Union. See the RS 1 article for the identity of the first 13 RSD 1s.