Бурринджак су қоймасы және бөгетінің тарихы

Burrinjuck Dam is a heritage listed major gated concrete walled gravity hydro electric dam at Burrinjuck, Yass Valley Shire, New South Wales, Australia. It has three spillways across the Murrumbidgee River located in the South West Slopes region of New South Wales, Australia. The dam's purpose includes flood mitigation, hydro power, irrigation, water supply and conservation. The impounded reservoir is called Lake Burrinjuck. It was designed by Lawrence Augustus Burton Wade (of the New South Wales Public Works Department) and built from 1907 to 1927 by Lane & Peters, Sydney. It is also known as Barren Jack Dam and Barrenjack. The property was owned by Department of Planning and Infrastructure (State Government). It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999. In March 2018 Meridian Energy Australia purchased GSP Energy Pty Ltd which included the Hume, Burrinjuck and Keepit Power Stations. These were previously Green State Power Hydro Assets. In October 2019 Meridian announced a proposal to increase station capacity by 50 megawatts. Commenced in 1907, completed in 1928, and upgraded in 1957 and 1994, the Burrinjuck Dam is a major gated dam, located approximately south west of Yass. The dam was built by the New South Wales Water, Conservation & Irrigation Commission and the NSW Department of Public Works for town water supplies, river flows and domestic requirements, irrigated agriculture, industry, flood mitigation and environmental flows. The Yass and Goodradigbee rivers also flow into the dam. Together with releases from Blowering Dam, on the Tumut River, Burrinjuck Dam also provides a regulated flow of water for the Coleambally and Murrumbidgee Irrigation Areas. The dam divides the upper and lower catchment of the Murrumbidgee River and is the headwater storage for the Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area. He had an interest in water conservation that led him to construct a series of irrigation channels and steam pumps that were critical to the rice growing activities in the area at the turn of the century. The New South Wales government liked his ideas so much they agreed to build a larger dam. Construction commenced in 1907. Prior to about February 1911, the dam was known as Barren Jack, a corruption of the Aboriginal name of the locality. A 2ft narrow gauge railway was constructed from the New South Wales Government Railways' Main Southern Line at Goondah to bring materials to the site. The railway was about long, had a grade of 1 in 30 and some 90 foot radius curves and took about 2 hours and 20 minutes to traverse. Delays were experienced throughout the construction period. Problems were found in part of the foundations of the dam wall in 1911, which led to a 12 month delay in completion of the first stage of the construction works. Delays were caused by World War I, construction of extensions to the spillways, and the fact that deep foundations were necessary. The flood waters tore through the unfinished southern spillway and fell 200 feet (61 m) to the river below, resulting in a massive fog which one journalist compared to that of Niagara Falls.

In 1937, it was discovered that the dam had developed a structural weakness that required remedial action. The weakness was not due to a design flaw per se; rather it was due to strains and stresses that were not scientifically understood at the time the dam was designed. The New South Wales Government brought in dam engineering expert Professor P. G. Hornell from Sweden to report on the defects that had developed in the dam. Apparently there were real fears of the dam wall bursting, so detailed plans were prepared for the evacuation of 20,000 people in the Murrumbidgee basin downstream of the dam in the event that the dam wall failed. The State Government played down these fears and felt that the evacuation plans would never have to be used. The first stage of remediation works involved lowering the dam wall by and was estimated in 1937 to cost approximately £100,000. In 1941, the State Government appointed a committee to estimate the probability of the dam flooding. This flood probability was used by consulting engineers to estimate the cost of the remediation work. The engineers estimated the remedial work would cost £1,800,000 but according to Government experts this figure was likely to be substantially exceeded. In February 1951 a fire destroyed some of the workshops at the construction site. The compressing room, machine shop and first aid surgery were the worst affected, and much of their contents were destroyed. The damage was estimated to cost between £50,000 and £100,000. Eventually, the remediation work strengthened and enlarged the dam wall, increased the discharge capacity of the spillways (to about twice the peak discharge of the 1925 flood), and increased the storage capacity of the dam from about to
A major flood in 1974 eroded unweathered granite from an unlined spillway discharge channel which then resulted in the destruction of a penstock to the Burrinjuck Power Station. The outlet valves of the dam were also destroyed during the same flood. These events prompted a review of the safety of the dam which recommended a new remedial works program.

On Friday 12 September 1924, three men were working on a cutting when some earth fell from higher up the slope. 61 year old ganger John E. Miller was hit in the legs and thrown to his death down the face of the cutting. An inquest held the following day found that Mr Miller had died of a fractured skull and made a finding of accidental death. At 8a. m. on Thursday morning of 19 October 1950, nine men fell to their deaths after a platform collapsed unexpectedly. The men were pulled into the spillway. They were pulling wires to open the southern spillway in order to alleviate floodwaters when the platform they were working from collapsed. Eight of the men's bodies were found. Frank Lloyd Barton's body was found a mile down the river from the dam. The other eight men were Frederick Rule, Frederick Basham, James Chant, James Fillery, Robert Elliott, Reginald Lippiatt, Peter Steinmanis, and Eugene Podusteanu. There was a tenth man, Bruce Grieves, working as well but he survived the accident because he had one leg off the platform and managed to pull back when the platform gave way.

Located on the exposed western slopes of the Brindabella Range, rainfall peaks distinctly in winter. Snow is a rare occurrence at the bottom of the valley, but it does occur annually on the surrounding ranges and hilly country above 700 metres (such as at Wee Jasper); nearby Black Andrew Mountain (935 metres) and Mount Barren Jack (972 metres) overlooking the lake, can be periodically snow capped during the winter months.

Journalist E. J. Brady visited the dam site during its construction in 1911 and wrote a detailed description of its progress to that point. He alighted from the southern mail train at Goondah railway station where he was met by the resident engineer on the project, Mr Smith. They then boarded a train on the light rail line which took them 45 kilometres to the temporary township housing 1,000 people, the workers and their families, engaged in constructing the dam. The workforce itself was 400 strong and the monthly wages bill was £3,000. No alcohol was allowed in the township. The dam was expected to take another three years to complete. Burrinjuck Dam is situated on the Murrumbidgee River 60 km by road from Yass in southern New South Wales. The dam is part of a larger system of weirs and controls which include that of Blowering Dam and Berembed Weir. Burrinjuck Dam provides water supplies for the Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area which has a combination of licensed agricultural, irrigation and stock use, with also town and domestic users. Apart from acting in a regulatory role the dam can also pass water through its 10 megawatt hydro electric power station thus becoming a very fast and clean supply of electricity.

The unnaturally cold water released from the dam, up to colder than it naturally should be, is believed to have directly contributed to the disappearance of the freshwater catfish from the Murrumbidgee between Burrinjuck and Wagga Wagga.

The dam is an example of how applied modern technology has been used to meet the demand of an expanding rural area. The dam was part of a larger system of weirs and controls providing water for the government sponsored Murrumbidgee Irrigation Scheme which enabled agriculture to expand in the area. It is the first major water storage built specially for irrigation purposes in NSW. The dam is also part of the New South Wales's first hydro electric scheme.