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Hamburger currencies

The Hamburg Mark refers to two distinct currencies issued in the city of Hamburg until 1875:
The Hamburg Mark Banco, a bank money and an accounting unit, and
The Hamburg Mark Courant, an actual coin. Each mark is divided into 16 schilling, each of 12 pfennig. Three marks were equal to a Reichsthaler, Germany's main unit of currency which the Hamburger Bank (Bank of Hamburg) defined and maintained until 1875.

Even with the existence of standardized currency denominated in Reichsthalers and Marks Banco, it was desired to issue coins (or courant) in Northern Germany valued at a fraction of these standard units. Hamburg first issued local currency in 1667 at a tale of 1 Cologne Mark = 10.5 thalers courant = 31.5 marks courant (the Zinnaische standard). In 1690 it then decided to follow the standard of Lübeck issued at a tale of 1 Cologne Mark = 111/3 thalers = 34 marks courant. This Hamburg Mark Courant was worth 27.625/34 = 13/16th of a Hamburg Mark Banco (or 6.88 g fine silver) and was also divided into 16 schillings courant. A mostly similar currency system was used in Denmark, Norway and Schleswig Holstein, but with a slightly lower thaler courant worth 4/5 the Reichsthaler specie, so that the latter equalled 60 schillings courant (or 120 skillings Danske in Denmark and Norway). Prussian thalers and Vereinsthalers became more common in Hamburg after 1840 and began to be exchanged for a higher price of 21/2 marks courant, thus implying a lower tale of 35 marks courant or 6.67 g fine silver. In 1875 the Hamburg Mark Courant was retired and converted to 1.2 German gold marks.