Тегернзее монастырының тарихы және қазіргі жағдайы

Tegernsee Abbey (German Kloster Tegernsee, Abtei Tegernsee) is a former Benedictine monastery in the town and district of Tegernsee in Bavaria. Both the abbey and the town that grew up around it are named after the Tegernsee, the lake on the shores of which they are located. The name is from the Old High German tegarin seo, meaning great lake. Tegernsee Abbey, officially known as St. Quirinus Abbey for its patron saint St. Quirinus, was first built in the 8th century. Until 1803, it was the most important Benedictine community in Bavaria. Today, the monastery buildings are known as Schloss Tegernsee (Tegernsee Castle) and are in the possession of Prince Max, Duke in Bavaria, a member of the Wittelsbach family. The local Catholic parish church of Saint Quirinus is in the former abbey church. In addition to the private quarters of the ducal couple, the former abbey premises now accommodate the Tegernsee Grammar School (Gymnasium Tegernsee) and the well known Ducal Bavarian Brewery of Tegernsee, with a brew pub and a restaurant.

On account of the disorders caused by the incursions of the Magyars at the beginning of the tenth century the founding of Tegernsee itself and the first decades of its history are hidden in deep obscurity. A fire in about 970 destroyed earlier evidence. The monastic community at Tegernsee was founded in 746 near the little Church of Our Saviour that was already in existence. The founders were the brothers Otkar (or Otocar), and Adalbert, of the family of the Huosi, one of the five old ruling clans of Bavaria. This abbey was consecrated and occupied in 754. It was settled by monks from St. Gall and dedicated to Saint Quirinus a Roman martyr. It is well established that the founders of the abbey obtained the relics of Quirinus from Pope Paul I (757 67), and that these relics were translated from Rome to Tegernsee in the second half of the eighth century and were placed in the Church of Our Saviour, the first church of Tegernsee. and Abbot Ellinger (1017 1026 and 1031 1041), the abbey became a centre of literature, manuscript production and learning, and was also active in the resettlement of other Benedictine houses in Bavaria, including the newly founded abbey of Saints Ulrich and Afra in Augsburg in c. 1012. Glass works were established at Tegernsee to make stained glass windows for Bishop Gottschalk of Freising. The double doors of the cathedral of Mainz were cast at Tegernsee in 1014. In 1083 Abbot Gozbert established a bell foundry which, after Freising, was the oldest in Bavaria. the Quirinals (12th century); "Play about the Antichrist" (1155? ); and the Tegernsee Letter Collection (1178 to 1186). The well known Tegernseespruch of Walther von der Vogelweide dates either from a little before 1206 or from c. 1212, and thus belongs, not to this period, but to the beginning of the period of decline that followed. Tegernsee was largely spared the political and ecclesiastical confusions arising from the conflict between Pope Alexander III (1159 1177) and Emperor Frederick I "Barbarossa," Holy Roman Emperor, and even managed to acquire substantial privileges from both pope and emperor. The shape of the future was made plain with the appointment of Abbot Manegold of Berg, son of the Count of Berg, to this Bavarian abbey in 1189, as the result of political intrigue by the Counts of Andechs, Vögte (lords protectors) of Tegernsee, and Bishop Otto of Freising. The political and economic interests of the noble families of Berg, Andechs and Hohenstaufen, now came to dominate the abbey and as a result, it declined during the 13th and 14th centuries into little more than a private monastery dependent on a small number of noble families. To make matters worse, it burnt down in 1410.

However, in 1426, Tegernsee received a Visitation from the Vicar General, Johannes Grünwalder, which marked a new beginning. Over the next decades, with the support of the Papal Legate Cardinal Nikolaus von Kues, it became a focus of the Reforms of Melk Abbey, which opened Benedictine houses hitherto restricted to the nobility to a wider range of social classes. In 1455, monks of Tegernsee settled Andechs Abbey and were appointed abbots at Benediktbeuern, Oberalteich, Wessobrunn and others. In 1446, a Passion altar was dedicated. Johannes Keck (who was the Tegernsee delegate at the Council of Basle and died in 1450) wrote a work on music, and the Prior of Tegernsee, Bernhard von Waging (d. 1472) composed his mystical writings, including a defense of Cusanus' writings on "learned ignorance." The pilgrim and illustrator Anton Pelchinger taught music at Tegernsee. Around 1500 scribes of the monastery, including its librarian Konrad Sartori (died 1531), collated the Liber illuministarum with 1.500 recipes one of the largest technical recipe manuals in Europe. This second flowering continued into the Early Modern period. From 1573, the monastery had its own printing press, The brewery is owned by Duchess Maria Anna Henriette Gabrielle Julie in Bavaria, youngest daughter of the duke.