Борнеоның қара қоректі шошқасы (Borneońıŋ qara qórekti şoşqası)

Species of pitcher plant from Borneo

Nepenthes fusca /n//ᵻ/'/p//ɛ//n//θ//iː//z// /'/f//ʌ//s//k//ə/, or the dusky pitcher plant, is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to Borneo. It is found throughout a wide altitudinal range and is almost always epiphytic in nature, primarily growing in mossy forest. The specific epithet fusca is derived from the Latin word fuscus, meaning "dark brown" or "dusky", and refers to the colour of the pitchers. Endert wrote about this pitcher plant in a detailed 1927 account of the expedition, Matthew Jebb does not consider these differences significant enough to merit distinction at the species level. He suggests that the type specimen consists of intermediate lower and upper pitchers as opposed to true forms of either, making them appear atypical. nom. nud. [=N. stenophylla]
Nepenthes fusca subsp. kostermansiana J. H. Adam & Wilcock ex Jebb & Cheek (1997) It is deposited at the National Herbarium of the Netherlands in Leiden. This confusion stemmed from the likeness of N. fusca and N. maxima, and from apparently mislabelled seeds collected by Charles Curtis. Curtis was not meticulous in recording where he located individual plants; although it was originally believed that he collected N. curtisii (now considered synonymous with N. maxima) in Borneo, botanist Charles Clarke points out that he also visited Sulawesi on the same trip, and N. maxima is common there. and in Pitcher Plants of Borneo by Anthea Phillipps, Anthony Lamb, and Ch'ien Lee, these features were considered to fall within the natural variability of N. fusca.

In his 1997 monograph, Nepenthes of Borneo, Charles Clarke lists the undescribed taxon "Nepenthes sp. A", which has been recorded from Gunung Mulu National Park in Sarawak. of N. faizaliana,

Nepenthes fusca is a climbing plant. The stem may attain a length of 10 m The pitcher lid or operculum is very narrowly ovate in shape and has a distinctive basal crest on its lower surface. An unbranched spur measuring up to 10 mm in length is inserted near the base of the lid. Developing parts of the plant bear an indumentum of long, brown hairs. However, most of these disappear during the normal course of development, and mature parts only have a sparse covering of short, brown hairs. and in Sarawak it has been found at only 300 m in hill forest. In this respect, it can be considered the "ecological equivalent" of N. bongso from Sumatra. More rarely, N. fusca grows terrestrially in exposed sites near montane forest and natural hybrids with all of these have been recorded. including Kambarangoh, the Marai Parai plateau, the mountain's East Ridge, and the Bambangan River at around 1500 m. despite being frequently cut back as part of road maintenance. Nearby plants from more sheltered locations fared better and appeared to have recovered by the following year. Nepenthes fusca can be viewed along the road leading to the disused Mamut Copper Mine, adjacent to Mount Kinabalu. There it is sympatric with N. macrovulgaris, N. stenophylla, and the natural hybrid N. fusca × N. stenophylla; N. burbidgeae grows a short distance away. A lone plant growing on a ridge top at 1962 m was found to have a small bush frog (probably Philautus aurantium) in one of its partly dried, 15 cm long pitchers. Scattered plants have also been recorded from a rocky clearing at 1592 m, growing alongside Gleichenia truncata ferns and bamboo orchids; these plants have rather unremarkable red speckled but otherwise plain green pitchers, though unusually the stem and underside of the midrib are almost black. The species is abundant on Mount Alab, the highest peak of the Crocker Range, where a number of colour variants have been documented, including one with wholly green lower pitchers save for red mottling on the interior and underside of the lid. It is also an uncommon inhabitant of roadside embankments there. Plant poaching is of far lesser concern, as this species is not particularly sought after in the carnivorous plant hobby and its epiphytic habit makes it largely inaccessible to collectors. may also be closely allied. The lower pitchers of N. hurrelliana are distinctive, but the upper ones bear a close resemblance to those of N. fusca. Of the Bornean pitcher plant flora, only these two species have such a narrowly triangular lid. The upper pitchers of N. hurrelliana differ in having a horizontal mouth that rises abruptly into a long neck at the back and in having a hirsute basal crest on the underside of the lid. Nepenthes vogelii differs in having much smaller pitchers and lacking appendages on the underside of the lid. Nepenthes fusca is also thought to be closely related to Sulawesi's N. eymae, and N. maxima, which is widespread in Sulawesi, New Guinea, and the Maluku Islands.

Due its widespread distribution throughout Borneo, N. fusca forms natural hybrids with a relatively large number of other species. However, like N. fusca itself, these are often hard to find due to the species's epiphytic growth habit.) and N. lowii. However, in their 2008 book, Pitcher Plants of Borneo, Anthea Phillipps, Anthony Lamb and Ch'ien Lee pointed out that the plants exhibit influences of N. fusca, such as a triangular lid and an elongated neck. Nepenthes naquiyuddinii is generally thought to be a heterotypic synonym of N. reinwardtiana, N. rajah,

[[File:Gunung Murud logging road N. fusca. jpg|thumb|In the wild, N. fusca is generally found is rather shady conditions (upper pitchers growing along a logging road to Mount Murud pictured) and this preference is reflected in cultivated plants, which show optimal growth under lower light levels than many other Nepenthes species. Sacilotto found N. fusca to be tolerant of a wide range of conditions; with the exception of plants not treated with fungicides, no test groups showed a survival rate of less than 75%. Nepenthes fusca was found to tolerate temperatures in the range of A nighttime drop in temperature below was necessary for good growth; plants that were not exposed to such a drop grew poorly and produced fewer pitchers. The experiments suggested that N. fusca grows best when relative humidity is in the range of 65 to 90%. He collected N. fusca on October 12 and N. mollis on October 17.

d. The subspecies was named after Zakri Abdul Hamid. This taxon, along with N. curtisii (sensu J. H. Adam & Wilcock) itself, is considered a heterotypic synonym of N. stenophylla by some taxonomists.