Кабул мақсұм түрмесі: Пул-е Чархи тарихы мен ахуалы

Maximum security prison located in Kabul, Afghanistan

Pul e Charkhi prison (Pashto/Dari: زندان پل چرخی), also known as the Afghan National Detention Facility, is a maximum security prison located next to the Ahmad Shah Baba Mina neighborhood in the eastern part of Kabul, Afghanistan. It has the capacity to house between 5,000 and 14,000 inmates, but as of February 2023 it only has between 2,000 and 2,500 inmates, most of whom have been arrested and convicted within the jurisdiction of Kabul Province. It is considered the country's largest prison.

Construction of Pul e Charkhi prison began in the 1970s by order of former president Mohammed Daoud Khan and was completed during the 1980s. It became notorious for torture and executions after the 1978 Saur Revolution as well as during the ten year Soviet war that followed. Some claim that between April 1978 and December 1979, the communist People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) under Nur Muhammad Taraki, executed around 27,000 political prisoners at Pul i Charkhi. More recently, the Afghan National Army's 111th Capital Division was based near Pul e Charkhi prison.

In December 2006, a communist era mass grave, close to the Puli Charkhi prison, was discovered by the NATO led International Security Assistance Force. It is believed that the grave held some 2,000 bodies. Officials of the Afghan Ministry of Information and Culture believe that the massacre took place between 1978 and 1986 when the Moscow backed communist presidents, Nur Muhammad Taraki, Hafizullah Amin and Babrak Karmal were in power.

Living conditions of the prisoners have been criticized by several human rights groups. The prison had been cited as overcrowded and the living conditions as sub par. There had been eight cell blocks but only three were being used which has caused overcrowding. There are also about 70 female prisoners who are housed in a special female section of the prison.

In December 2004, foreign prisoners attacked guards with razor blades. A subsequent shoot out left one Iraqi, three Pakistani prisoners and four Afghan police dead. In January 2006, seven prisoners escaped by mingling with visitors. A month later, a riot was sparked by a new prison policy forcing prisoners to wear bright orange clothing, a rule enacted to avoid events similar to the January escape. The February 2006 riot resulted in six deaths and 22 injured according to the International Committee of the Red Cross. The rioters used makeshift weapons to attack guards, then ignited furniture on fire, and smashed doors and windows. They eventually took over a wing of the prison and held it for a few days. The riot finally ended on the first of March. On 16 March 2008, after a two week dispute over arrests following an attempted jail break, inmates rioted and took over sections of the building. Gunfire was heard in the complex and inmates claimed to be holding hostage two members of the Afghan National Army (ANA). The hostage takers threatened to kill the ANA members unless mediators were sent in to resolve the conflict.

The prison has been renovated in recent years with assistance from the United States, This was followed by the transfer of some 250 more detainees. The United States repeatedly announced that it will be shutting down its Guantanamo Bay detention camps, in Cuba. In February 2009, a team from the United Kingdom's Channel 4 toured the American wing of the prison. By September 2009 the United States had transferred some 250 former detainees from its Guantanamo Bay detention camp to Pul e Charkhi, often to the shock of their waiting families, according to Human Rights First.