Үндістандағы ЖҚС/АИДС эпидемиясы және күрес шаралары

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HIV/AIDS in India is an epidemic. The National AIDS Control Organisation (NACO) estimated that 3.14 million people lived with HIV/AIDS in India in 2023. Despite being home to the world's third largest population of persons with HIV/AIDS (as of 2023, with South Africa and Nigeria having more), the AIDS prevalence rate in India is lower than that of many other countries. In 2016, India's AIDS prevalence rate stood at approximately 0.30%—the 80th highest in the world. Treatment of HIV/AIDS is via a combination of antiretroviral drugs and education programs to help people avoid infection.

India has been praised for its extensive anti AIDS campaigning. According to Michel Sidibé, executive director of the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), India's success comes from using an evidence informed and human rights based approach that is backed by sustained political leadership and civil society engagement. A 2012 UNAIDS report lauded India for doing "particularly well" in halving the number of adults newly infected between 2000 and 2009 in contrast to some smaller countries in Asia. In India, the number of deaths due to AIDS stood at 170,000 in 2009. It also points out that India provided substantial support to neighbouring countries and other Asian countries – in 2011, it allocated USD 430 million to 68 projects in Bhutan across key socioeconomic sectors, including health, education and capacity building. In 2011 at Addis Ababa, the Government of India further committed to accelerating technology transfer between its pharmaceutical sector and African manufacturers. The National AIDS Control Organisation (NACO) has increased the number of centres providing free antiretroviral treatment (ART) from 54 to 91 centres, with 9 more centres to be operational soon. Medicines for treating 8,500 patients have been made available at these centres. All the 91 centres have trained doctors, counsellors and laboratory technicians to help initiate patients on ART and provide follow up care while protecting confidentiality. Apart from providing free treatment, all the ART centres provide counselling to the infected persons so that they regularly take their medication. Continuity is the most important factor for the long term effectiveness of the ART drugs, as disruption can lead to drug resistance. At present, 40,000 are on ART, which is expected to go up to 85,000 by March. Responding to a petition made by NGO's, in 2010, the Supreme Court of India directed the Indian government to provide second line antiretroviral therapy (ART) to all AIDS patients in the country, and warned the government against abdicating its constitutional duty of providing treatment to HIV positive patients on grounds of financial constraint, as it was an issue of the right to life guaranteed under Article 21 of the Indian Constitution. Previously, in an affidavit before the Supreme Court, NACO said second line ART treatment for HIV patients, costing Rs 28,500 each, could not be extended to those who had received "irrational treatment" by private medical practitioners for the first round, which costs around Rs 6,500. The court rejected both the arguments of financial constraints and that only 10 viral load testing centres were needed for testing patients for migrating from the first line of treatment to the second line, as stated by the Solicitor General representing the government. The court further asked the government to give a clear cut and "workable" solution within a week's time. HIV spending increased in India from 2003 to 2007 and fell by 15% in 2008 to 2009. Currently, India spends about 5% of its health budget on HIV/AIDS. Spending on HIV/AIDS may create a burden in the health sector, which faces a variety of other challenges. Thus, it is crucial for India to step up on its prevention efforts to decrease its spending of the health budget on HIV/AIDS in future.

In 1986, the first known cases of HIV in India were diagnosed by Dr. Suniti Solomon and her student Dr. Sellappan Nirmala amongst six female sex workers in Chennai, Tamil Nadu. But actually in 1980's Sellappan Nirmala visited Dr. Kandaraj, a Sexologist, in Chennai. He collected the 30 no of blood samples of HIV disease, patients for Dr. Nirmala. All the patients were sex workers. After the samples are submitted to Dr. Suniti Solomon. She was a microbiologist. She diagnosed with all samples are HIV positive cases and announced by her proper report to the Indian government. 30 HIV patients were affected in India. In 1986, the Government of India established the National AIDS Committee within the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. In 1992, on the basis of National AIDS Committee, the government set up the National AIDS Control Organisation (NACO) to oversee policies and prevention and control programmes relating to HIV and AIDS and the National AIDS Control Programme (NACP) for HIV prevention. Subsequently, the State AIDS Control Societies (SACS) were set up in states and union territories. SACS implement the NACO programme at a state level, but have functional independence to upscale and innovate. The first phase was implemented from 1992 to 1999 and focused on monitoring HIV infection rates among high risk populations in selected urban areas. A National Council on AIDS was formed during this phase, consisting of 31 ministries and chaired by the Prime Minister. In 2007, the third phase of the National AIDS Control Programme (NACP III) targeted high risk groups and conducted outreach programmes. It also decentralised the effort to local levels and non governmental organisations (NGOs) to provide welfare services to the affected. The third stage dramatically increased targeted interventions, aiming to halt and reverse the epidemic by integrating programmes for prevention, care, support, and treatment. Increased awareness regarding the disease and citizen's related rights is in line with the Universal Declaration on Human Rights. In 2009, India established a National HIV and AIDS Policy and the World of Work, which sought to end discrimination against workers on the basis of their real or perceived HIV status. focused on discrimination, the importance of using a condom, and illegal testing of vaccines. HIV/AIDS related television shows and movies have appeared in the past few years, mostly in an effort to appeal to the middle class. An important component of these programs has been the depiction of HIV/AIDS affected persons interacting with non infected persons in everyday life. As per the UNDP's 2010 report, India had 2.395 million people living with HIV at the end of 2009, up from 2.27 million in 2008. Adult prevalence also rose from 0.29% in 2008 to 0.31% in 2009. Setting up HIV screening centres was the first step taken by the government to screen its citizens and the blood bank. Adult HIV prevalence in India declined from an estimated 0.41% in 2000 to 0.31% in 2009. Adult HIV prevalence at a national level has declined notably in many states, but variations still exist across the states. A decreasing trend is also evident in HIV prevalence among people aged 15–24. A 2012 report described a need for youth HIV counseling. According to NACO data, India has had a 57% reduction in estimated annual new adult HIV infections, from 274,000 in 2000 to 116,000 in 2011, and the estimated number of people living with HIV was 2.08 million in 2011. According to NACO, the prevalence of AIDS in India in 2015 was 0.26%, down from 0.41% in 2002; in 2023, it had risen to 0.39%. and was passed on 21 March 2017.

Voluntary Health Association of Punjab v. Union of India
Love Life Society v. Union of India & Others
Wahengbam Joykumar v. Union of India & Others
Delhi Network of Positive People & Another v. Union of India & Others

There are 2 million children in India that have lost one or both parents due to AIDS. and the number of these AIDS orphans will continue to grow. Due to the negative treatment and lack of resources for these children, AIDS orphans and vulnerable children in India are at risk for health and educational disparities. They are also at higher risk for becoming infected with HIV themselves, child labour, trafficking, and prostitution.

AIDS orphans are usually cared for by extended family members. These extended family members may be vulnerable as well, as they are often elderly or ill themselves. A study from 2004 found that many AIDS orphans felt that "their guardians felt like they could demand anything of them" because no one else could take them in. These children may be forced to look after a sibling or other family members, so they live in their original home even after parents are deceased. The children may be worried about seizure of land by landlords or neighbours. This, combined with the abuse that many orphans face, leads to a higher rate of mortality among AIDS orphans. Higher education rates in caregivers has been shown to decrease this stigma. AIDS orphans were more likely to be bullied by friends or relatives due to the stigma against HIV/AIDS in India. People may falsely believe HIV can be contracted by proximity, so these orphans can lose friends. Often, women widowed by HIV/AIDS face blame for the impact on their children, while families face isolation during the time of illness and after. Parents often lose their jobs due to workplace discrimination. The Human Rights Watch has found many cases of sexual abuse among female AIDS orphans, which often result in trafficking and prostitution.