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U. S. formal military ceremony

Dining in is a formal military ceremony for members of a company or other unit, which includes a dinner, drinking, and other events to foster camaraderie and esprit de corps. The United States Army, the United States Navy, the United States Coast Guard, and the United States Air Force refer to this event as a dining in or dining in. The United States Marine Corps refers to it as mess night. Other names include regimental dinner, guest night, formal mess dinner, and band night. The dining in is a formal event for all unit members, male and female; though some specialized mess nights can be officer or enlisted only. The unit chaplain is usually also invited, if an invocation is needed. A unit's dining in consists of only the members of the unit, with the possible exception of the guest(s) of honor. An optional formal dinner, known as the dining out may include spouses and other guests. The dining out follows the same basic rules of the dining in, but is often tailored to minimize some of the military traditions and be more approachable to civilian guests.

The practice of dining in is thought to have formally begun in 16th century England, in monasteries and universities; though some records indicate that militaries have held formal dinners as far back as the Roman Legions. The Vikings held formal ceremonies to honor and celebrate battles and heroes. During the 18th century, the British Army incorporated the practice of formal dining into their regimental mess system. Customs and rules of the mess were soon institutionalized rules, known as the "Queen's Regulations". The mess night or "Dining in" became a tradition in all British regiments. The Americans, taking many of their traditions from the British military, held mess nights in the 18th and 19th century, but the tradition waned after the Civil War. Dining in took a temporary halt in the Navy and Marine Corps when Navy Secretary Josephus Daniels imposed prohibition of alcoholic drink, but soon the tradition was restored. During World War II, the custom was revived in the U. S. military, initially in the US Army Air Forces 8th Air Force, which was based in Britain. AAF Officers were invited to participate in British military—hosted mess nights and then were obligated to reciprocate.

12 Formal Functions per annum. Generally these are 2 x seasonal balls and 10 x other functions (e. g. Mess Dinners) as agreed by mess committees. In the RAF, it is passed from hand to hand without touching the table. In the Army, it will depend on the traditions of the regiment. The custom of "dining in" to welcome new officers and "dining out" to farewell retiring officers originated with the British, although the term came about much later. It has been discontinued in some countries such as the United States but is still practised by the Royal Navy.

The traditional toasts after dinner for ships at sea are listed below. On certain days, an alternative toast is available but the first one is most usual.

Portions of the event tend to become quite humorous in nature, while others remain somber. Etiquette requires a diner to know what is appropriate at any given time. The dining in follows established protocols. After a brief cocktail period of 30 to 45 minutes, the presiding officer, known as the "President of the Mess", announces, "Please be seated." The group will then retire to the dining area to be seated. After tasting the meat (usually beef), the President will declare it "tasty and fit for human consumption", after which the meal will be served to the diners. After the dessert is finished, the President will invite the chief steward to bring forth wine and/or punch to be served, and toasting will begin. After the toasts have concluded, the floor will be opened to the levying of fines. The president and the guest of honor will have the opportunity to speak if they so desire. After this, the mess is often then returned to an open cocktail hour, and then the evening concludes with final honors.