Blood islands

Structures around the developing embryo
the location in the video game The Curse of Monkey Island
information on the Blood Island film series

Blood islands are structures around the developing embryo which lead to many different parts of the circulatory system. Blood islands arise external to the developing embryo on the umbilical vesicle, allantois, connecting stalk and chorion. They are also known as Pander's islands or Wolff's islands, after Heinz Christian Pander or Caspar Friedrich Wolff.

In humans, the formation of extraembryonic blood vessels starts at the beginning of the third week after fertilization. Vasculogenesis begins as mesodermal cells differentiate into hemangioblasts, which in turn differentiate into angioblasts. The flattened cells at the periphery form the endothelium. Mesenchymal cells exterior to this form the muscular and connective tissue components of blood vessels. In either case the mass thus formed projects from and is attached to the wall of the vessel. Later the cells on the surface round up, giving the mass a mulberry like appearance. Then the red blood cells break loose and are carried away in the plasma. Such free blood cells continue to divide. Blood islands will sprout endothelial projections and these projections will fuse. This forms a plexiform network of blood vessels. Over time, the network will continue to grow, and will eventually penetrate the embryo proper and fuse with the concurrently developing embryonic circulation. Consequently, some blood islands end up inside the embryo proper, while others remain in the annexes.