Nicorandil

Chemical compound

Nicorandil is a vasodilator drug used to treat angina. Angina is chest pain that results from episodes of transient myocardial ischemia. This can be caused by diseases such as atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease and aortic stenosis. Angina commonly arises from vasospasm of the coronary arteries. There are multiple mechanisms causing the increased smooth muscle contraction involved in coronary vasospasm, including increased Rho kinase activity. Increased levels of Rho kinase inhibit myosin phosphatase activity, leading to increased calcium sensitivity and hypercontraction. Rho kinase also decreases nitric oxide synthase activity, which reduces nitric oxide concentrations. Lower levels of nitric oxide are present in spastic coronary arteries. L type calcium channel expression increases in spastic vascular smooth muscle cells, which could result in excessive calcium influx, and hypercontraction. It was patented in 1976 and approved for medical use in 1983.

Side effects listed in the British National Formulary include flushing, palpitations, weakness and vomiting. More recently, perianal, ileal and peristomal ulceration has been reported as a side effect. Anal ulceration is now included in the British National Formulary as a reported side effect. Other side effects include severe migraine, toothache, and nasal congestion.

Nicorandil is an anti angina medication that has the dual properties of a nitrate and ATP sensitive channel opener. In humans, the nitrate action of nicorandil dilates the large coronary arteries at low plasma concentrations. cGMP activates protein kinase G (PKG), which phosphorylates and inhibits GTPase RhoA and decreases Rho kinase activity. PKG acts on channels to promote K+ efflux and the ensuing hyperpolarization inhibits voltage gated calcium channels. In experimental animal models of the Long QT syndrome, Nicorandil normalizes the prolonged cardiac action potential duration and the QT interval.

Nicorandil is marketed under the brand names Ikorel (in the United Kingdom, Australia and most of Europe), Angedil (in Romania, Poland), Dancor (in Switzerland), Nikoran, PCA (in India), Aprior (in the Philippines), Nitorubin (in Japan), and Sigmart (in Japan, South Korea, Taiwan and China). Nicorandil is not available in the United States.

Amide reaction between Nicotinoyl Chloride [10400 19 8] & 2 Aminoethyl Nitrate [646 02 6]. The reaction of N (2 Hydroxyethyl)Nicotinamide [6265 73 2] with nitric acid gives nicorandil.