Кіріспе
Өрт сөндіру шлангісі (немесе өрт сөндіру шлангісі) – өртке су немесе өрт сөндіргіш зат (мысалы, көбік) жеткізуге арналған жоғары қысымды шланг. Сыртқы жағдайда ол өрт машинасына, өрт гидрантына немесе портативті өрт сорғысына қосылады. Ішкі жағдайда ғимараттың тұрақты құбырларына немесе су жүйесіне бекітілуі мүмкін. Өрт сөндіру шлангісінің жұмыс қысымы әртүрлі болуы мүмкін, бірақ NFPA 1961 стандартына сәйкес, жарылу қысымы 110 бардан (11 000 кПа; 1600 пси) аспауы керек. Шланг – өрт сөндіру құралдарының негізгі және қажетті бөлігі. Ол суды ашық су көзінен немесе қысымды су көзінен жеткізу үшін қажет. Шлангтар қолданылуына қарай екі түрге бөлінеді: сору шлангісі және жеткізу шлангісі. Қолданғаннан кейін өрт сөндіру шлангісін әдетте кептіруге іледі, себебі шланг ішінде ұзақ уақыт тұрған су материалды бүлдіріп, оны сенімсіз немесе қолдануға жарамсыз етеді. Сондықтан, өрт сөндіру станцияларында мұндай алдын алу шаралары үшін шлангтың ұзындығына сай келетін биік құрылымдар болады, олар шланг мұнарасы деп аталады. Кейде өрт сөндіру шлангісі көпшілікті бақылау үшін қолданылады (су пулеметі), мысалы, 1963 жылы Азаматтық құқықтар қозғалысы кезінде Буль Коннор Бирмингемде наразылық білдірушілерге қарсы осылай қолданған.
Flexible tube used for delivering water or foam at high pressure, to fight fires
the type of hose
A fire hose (or firehose) is a high pressure hose that carries water or other fire retardant (such as foam) to a fire to extinguish it. Outdoors, it attaches either to a fire engine, fire hydrant, or a portable fire pump. Indoors, it can permanently attach to a building's standpipe or plumbing system. The usual working pressure of a firehose can vary between while per the NFPA 1961 Fire Hose Standard, its bursting pressure is in excess of 110 bar. (11,000kPa; 1600psi)
Hose is one of the basic, essential pieces of fire fighting equipment. It is necessary to convey water either from an open water supply, or pressurized water supply. Hoses are divided into two categories, based on their use: suction hose, and delivery hose. After use, a fire hose is usually hung to dry, because standing water that remains in a hose for a long time can deteriorate the material and render it unreliable or unusable. Therefore, the typical fire station often has a high structure to accommodate the length of a hose for such preventive maintenance, known as a hose tower. On occasion, fire hoses are used for crowd control (see also water cannon), including by Bull Connor in the Birmingham campaign against protesters during the Civil Rights Movement in 1963.
the type of hose
A fire hose (or firehose) is a high pressure hose that carries water or other fire retardant (such as foam) to a fire to extinguish it. Outdoors, it attaches either to a fire engine, fire hydrant, or a portable fire pump. Indoors, it can permanently attach to a building's standpipe or plumbing system. The usual working pressure of a firehose can vary between while per the NFPA 1961 Fire Hose Standard, its bursting pressure is in excess of 110 bar. (11,000kPa; 1600psi)
Hose is one of the basic, essential pieces of fire fighting equipment. It is necessary to convey water either from an open water supply, or pressurized water supply. Hoses are divided into two categories, based on their use: suction hose, and delivery hose. After use, a fire hose is usually hung to dry, because standing water that remains in a hose for a long time can deteriorate the material and render it unreliable or unusable. Therefore, the typical fire station often has a high structure to accommodate the length of a hose for such preventive maintenance, known as a hose tower. On occasion, fire hoses are used for crowd control (see also water cannon), including by Bull Connor in the Birmingham campaign against protesters during the Civil Rights Movement in 1963.
Түрлері
Өрт сөндіру қызметі үшін арнайы жасалған шлангтардың бірнеше түрі бар. Оң қысыммен жұмыс істеуге арналғандар босату шлангілері деп аталады; оларға мыналар кіреді: шабуыл шлангісі, жабдықтау шлангісі, реле шлангісі, орман шлангісі және күшейткіш шлангі. Теріс қысыммен жұмыс істеуге арналған құбырлар сору шлангілері деп аталады.
There are several types of hose designed specifically for the fire service. Those designed to operate under positive pressure are called discharge hoses; they include: attack hose, supply hose, relay hose, forestry hose, and booster hose. Those designed to operate under negative pressure are called suction hoses. NameDefinition Attack Attack hose is a fabric covered, flexible hose used to bring water from the fire pumper to the nozzle. This hose ranges in nominal inside diameter from and is designed to operate at pressures up to about The standard length is 50 feet (15 m). Supply and relay hoses Supply and relay hoses are large diameter, fabric covered, flexible hoses used to bring water from a distant hydrant to the fire pumper, or to relay water from one pumper to another over a long distance. These hoses range in nominal inside diameter from They are designed to operate at pressures up to about for the smaller diameters and up to for the larger diameters. The standard length is 100 feet (30 m). Suction hose Suction hose, sometimes called hard suction hose, is usually a rubber covered, semi rigid hose with internal, metal reinforcements. It is used to suck water out of unpressurized sources such as ponds, rivers, or swimming pools for home wildfire protection purposes. Hard suction hose comprises multiple layers of rubber and woven fabric encapsulating an internal helix of steel wire. Some very flexible hard suction hoses use a thin, polyvinyl chloride cover with a polyvinyl chloride plastic helix. Suction hose ranges in nominal inside diameter from The standard length is 10 feet (3 m). Another suction hose, called a soft suction hose, is actually a short length of fabric covered, flexible discharge hose used to connect the fire pumper suction inlet with a pressurized hydrant. It is not a true suction hose, since it cannot withstand negative pressure. Coatings and liners use synthetic rubbers, which provide varying degrees of resistance to chemicals, temperature, ozone, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, mold, mildew, and abrasion. Different coatings and liners are chosen for specific applications.
Атауы – Таңдау
There are several types of hose designed specifically for the fire service. Those designed to operate under positive pressure are called discharge hoses; they include: attack hose, supply hose, relay hose, forestry hose, and booster hose. Those designed to operate under negative pressure are called suction hoses. NameDefinition Attack Attack hose is a fabric covered, flexible hose used to bring water from the fire pumper to the nozzle. This hose ranges in nominal inside diameter from and is designed to operate at pressures up to about The standard length is 50 feet (15 m). Supply and relay hoses Supply and relay hoses are large diameter, fabric covered, flexible hoses used to bring water from a distant hydrant to the fire pumper, or to relay water from one pumper to another over a long distance. These hoses range in nominal inside diameter from They are designed to operate at pressures up to about for the smaller diameters and up to for the larger diameters. The standard length is 100 feet (30 m). Suction hose Suction hose, sometimes called hard suction hose, is usually a rubber covered, semi rigid hose with internal, metal reinforcements. It is used to suck water out of unpressurized sources such as ponds, rivers, or swimming pools for home wildfire protection purposes. Hard suction hose comprises multiple layers of rubber and woven fabric encapsulating an internal helix of steel wire. Some very flexible hard suction hoses use a thin, polyvinyl chloride cover with a polyvinyl chloride plastic helix. Suction hose ranges in nominal inside diameter from The standard length is 10 feet (3 m). Another suction hose, called a soft suction hose, is actually a short length of fabric covered, flexible discharge hose used to connect the fire pumper suction inlet with a pressurized hydrant. It is not a true suction hose, since it cannot withstand negative pressure. Coatings and liners use synthetic rubbers, which provide varying degrees of resistance to chemicals, temperature, ozone, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, mold, mildew, and abrasion. Different coatings and liners are chosen for specific applications.
Шабуыл – Шабуыл шлангісі – өрт сөндіру сорғысынан саптамаға су жеткізу үшін қолданылатын матамен қапталған, иілгіш шланг. Бұл шлангтың номиналды ішкі диаметрі шамамен 75 мм (3 дюйм) басталады және 150 мм (6 дюйм) дейін жетеді, ал қысымға төзу деңгейі шамамен 400 PSI (27 бар) дейін. Стандартты ұзындығы – 50 фут (15 м).
There are several types of hose designed specifically for the fire service. Those designed to operate under positive pressure are called discharge hoses; they include: attack hose, supply hose, relay hose, forestry hose, and booster hose. Those designed to operate under negative pressure are called suction hoses. NameDefinition Attack Attack hose is a fabric covered, flexible hose used to bring water from the fire pumper to the nozzle. This hose ranges in nominal inside diameter from and is designed to operate at pressures up to about The standard length is 50 feet (15 m). Supply and relay hoses Supply and relay hoses are large diameter, fabric covered, flexible hoses used to bring water from a distant hydrant to the fire pumper, or to relay water from one pumper to another over a long distance. These hoses range in nominal inside diameter from They are designed to operate at pressures up to about for the smaller diameters and up to for the larger diameters. The standard length is 100 feet (30 m). Suction hose Suction hose, sometimes called hard suction hose, is usually a rubber covered, semi rigid hose with internal, metal reinforcements. It is used to suck water out of unpressurized sources such as ponds, rivers, or swimming pools for home wildfire protection purposes. Hard suction hose comprises multiple layers of rubber and woven fabric encapsulating an internal helix of steel wire. Some very flexible hard suction hoses use a thin, polyvinyl chloride cover with a polyvinyl chloride plastic helix. Suction hose ranges in nominal inside diameter from The standard length is 10 feet (3 m). Another suction hose, called a soft suction hose, is actually a short length of fabric covered, flexible discharge hose used to connect the fire pumper suction inlet with a pressurized hydrant. It is not a true suction hose, since it cannot withstand negative pressure. Coatings and liners use synthetic rubbers, which provide varying degrees of resistance to chemicals, temperature, ozone, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, mold, mildew, and abrasion. Different coatings and liners are chosen for specific applications.
Жеткізу және релелік шлангтар – Жеткізу және релелік шлангтар – үлкен диаметрлі, матамен жабылған, иілгіш шлангтар. Олар алыстағы гидранттан өрт сөндіру сорғысына су жеткізу үшін немесе суды бір сорғыдан екіншісіне ұзақ қашықтыққа тасымалдау үшін қолданылады. Бұл шлангтардың номиналды ішкі диаметрі 150 мм (6 дюйм) басталады және 300 мм (12 дюйм) дейін жетеді. Олар кіші диаметрлер үшін шамамен 150 PSI (10 бар) дейін, ал үлкен диаметрлер үшін 100 PSI (7 бар) дейін қысымға төзуге арналған. Стандартты ұзындығы – 100 фут (30 м).
There are several types of hose designed specifically for the fire service. Those designed to operate under positive pressure are called discharge hoses; they include: attack hose, supply hose, relay hose, forestry hose, and booster hose. Those designed to operate under negative pressure are called suction hoses. NameDefinition Attack Attack hose is a fabric covered, flexible hose used to bring water from the fire pumper to the nozzle. This hose ranges in nominal inside diameter from and is designed to operate at pressures up to about The standard length is 50 feet (15 m). Supply and relay hoses Supply and relay hoses are large diameter, fabric covered, flexible hoses used to bring water from a distant hydrant to the fire pumper, or to relay water from one pumper to another over a long distance. These hoses range in nominal inside diameter from They are designed to operate at pressures up to about for the smaller diameters and up to for the larger diameters. The standard length is 100 feet (30 m). Suction hose Suction hose, sometimes called hard suction hose, is usually a rubber covered, semi rigid hose with internal, metal reinforcements. It is used to suck water out of unpressurized sources such as ponds, rivers, or swimming pools for home wildfire protection purposes. Hard suction hose comprises multiple layers of rubber and woven fabric encapsulating an internal helix of steel wire. Some very flexible hard suction hoses use a thin, polyvinyl chloride cover with a polyvinyl chloride plastic helix. Suction hose ranges in nominal inside diameter from The standard length is 10 feet (3 m). Another suction hose, called a soft suction hose, is actually a short length of fabric covered, flexible discharge hose used to connect the fire pumper suction inlet with a pressurized hydrant. It is not a true suction hose, since it cannot withstand negative pressure. Coatings and liners use synthetic rubbers, which provide varying degrees of resistance to chemicals, temperature, ozone, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, mold, mildew, and abrasion. Different coatings and liners are chosen for specific applications.
Сорғыш шланг – Сорғыш шланг, кейде қатты сору шлангісі деп аталады, әдетте резеңкемен қапталған, ішкі металл бекітпелері бар жартылай қатты шланг. Ол көлдер, өзендер немесе бассейндер сияқты қысымсыз су көздерінен су сору үшін, сондай-ақ үй өрттерінен қорғану мақсатында қолданылады. Қатты сору шлангісі болат спиральмен оралған, резеңке және тоқылған матадан жасалған бірнеше қабаттан тұрады. Кейбір өте иілгіш қатты сору шлангілері поливинилхлорид спиральмен жұқа поливинилхлорид қаптамасын қолданады. Сорғыш шлангтың номиналды ішкі диаметрі 75 мм (3 дюйм) басталады және 200 мм (8 дюйм) дейін жетеді. Стандартты ұзындығы – 10 фут (3 м).
There are several types of hose designed specifically for the fire service. Those designed to operate under positive pressure are called discharge hoses; they include: attack hose, supply hose, relay hose, forestry hose, and booster hose. Those designed to operate under negative pressure are called suction hoses. NameDefinition Attack Attack hose is a fabric covered, flexible hose used to bring water from the fire pumper to the nozzle. This hose ranges in nominal inside diameter from and is designed to operate at pressures up to about The standard length is 50 feet (15 m). Supply and relay hoses Supply and relay hoses are large diameter, fabric covered, flexible hoses used to bring water from a distant hydrant to the fire pumper, or to relay water from one pumper to another over a long distance. These hoses range in nominal inside diameter from They are designed to operate at pressures up to about for the smaller diameters and up to for the larger diameters. The standard length is 100 feet (30 m). Suction hose Suction hose, sometimes called hard suction hose, is usually a rubber covered, semi rigid hose with internal, metal reinforcements. It is used to suck water out of unpressurized sources such as ponds, rivers, or swimming pools for home wildfire protection purposes. Hard suction hose comprises multiple layers of rubber and woven fabric encapsulating an internal helix of steel wire. Some very flexible hard suction hoses use a thin, polyvinyl chloride cover with a polyvinyl chloride plastic helix. Suction hose ranges in nominal inside diameter from The standard length is 10 feet (3 m). Another suction hose, called a soft suction hose, is actually a short length of fabric covered, flexible discharge hose used to connect the fire pumper suction inlet with a pressurized hydrant. It is not a true suction hose, since it cannot withstand negative pressure. Coatings and liners use synthetic rubbers, which provide varying degrees of resistance to chemicals, temperature, ozone, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, mold, mildew, and abrasion. Different coatings and liners are chosen for specific applications.
Тағы бір сору шлангісі – жұмсақ сору шлангісі – шын мәнінде, өрт сөндіру сорғысының сору кіреберісін қысымды гидрантпен қосу үшін қолданылатын қысқа матамен қапталған, иілгіш босату шлангісі. Бұл нағыз сору шлангісі емес, өйткені ол теріс қысымға төтеп бере алмайды.
There are several types of hose designed specifically for the fire service. Those designed to operate under positive pressure are called discharge hoses; they include: attack hose, supply hose, relay hose, forestry hose, and booster hose. Those designed to operate under negative pressure are called suction hoses. NameDefinition Attack Attack hose is a fabric covered, flexible hose used to bring water from the fire pumper to the nozzle. This hose ranges in nominal inside diameter from and is designed to operate at pressures up to about The standard length is 50 feet (15 m). Supply and relay hoses Supply and relay hoses are large diameter, fabric covered, flexible hoses used to bring water from a distant hydrant to the fire pumper, or to relay water from one pumper to another over a long distance. These hoses range in nominal inside diameter from They are designed to operate at pressures up to about for the smaller diameters and up to for the larger diameters. The standard length is 100 feet (30 m). Suction hose Suction hose, sometimes called hard suction hose, is usually a rubber covered, semi rigid hose with internal, metal reinforcements. It is used to suck water out of unpressurized sources such as ponds, rivers, or swimming pools for home wildfire protection purposes. Hard suction hose comprises multiple layers of rubber and woven fabric encapsulating an internal helix of steel wire. Some very flexible hard suction hoses use a thin, polyvinyl chloride cover with a polyvinyl chloride plastic helix. Suction hose ranges in nominal inside diameter from The standard length is 10 feet (3 m). Another suction hose, called a soft suction hose, is actually a short length of fabric covered, flexible discharge hose used to connect the fire pumper suction inlet with a pressurized hydrant. It is not a true suction hose, since it cannot withstand negative pressure. Coatings and liners use synthetic rubbers, which provide varying degrees of resistance to chemicals, temperature, ozone, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, mold, mildew, and abrasion. Different coatings and liners are chosen for specific applications.
Шлангтардың қаптамалары мен ішкі қабаттары синтетикалық резеңкеден жасалған, олар химиялық заттарға, температураға, озонға, ультракүлгін сәулеленуге (УК), саңыраққа, көбелекке және тозуға әртүрлі деңгейде төзімділік береді. Әртүрлі қаптамалар мен ішкі қабаттар нақты қолдануға сәйкес таңдалады.
There are several types of hose designed specifically for the fire service. Those designed to operate under positive pressure are called discharge hoses; they include: attack hose, supply hose, relay hose, forestry hose, and booster hose. Those designed to operate under negative pressure are called suction hoses. NameDefinition Attack Attack hose is a fabric covered, flexible hose used to bring water from the fire pumper to the nozzle. This hose ranges in nominal inside diameter from and is designed to operate at pressures up to about The standard length is 50 feet (15 m). Supply and relay hoses Supply and relay hoses are large diameter, fabric covered, flexible hoses used to bring water from a distant hydrant to the fire pumper, or to relay water from one pumper to another over a long distance. These hoses range in nominal inside diameter from They are designed to operate at pressures up to about for the smaller diameters and up to for the larger diameters. The standard length is 100 feet (30 m). Suction hose Suction hose, sometimes called hard suction hose, is usually a rubber covered, semi rigid hose with internal, metal reinforcements. It is used to suck water out of unpressurized sources such as ponds, rivers, or swimming pools for home wildfire protection purposes. Hard suction hose comprises multiple layers of rubber and woven fabric encapsulating an internal helix of steel wire. Some very flexible hard suction hoses use a thin, polyvinyl chloride cover with a polyvinyl chloride plastic helix. Suction hose ranges in nominal inside diameter from The standard length is 10 feet (3 m). Another suction hose, called a soft suction hose, is actually a short length of fabric covered, flexible discharge hose used to connect the fire pumper suction inlet with a pressurized hydrant. It is not a true suction hose, since it cannot withstand negative pressure. Coatings and liners use synthetic rubbers, which provide varying degrees of resistance to chemicals, temperature, ozone, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, mold, mildew, and abrasion. Different coatings and liners are chosen for specific applications.
Өрт сөндіру шлангілері мен сораптарына әсер ететін күштер
Өрт сөндіру шлангілері жұмыс істеу кезінде жоғары созылу күштеріне төтеп беруі керек. Бұл күштер қысым мен ағынның нәтижесінде туындайды. Өрт сөндіру шлангісіндегі осьтік созылудың шамасы:
Fire hoses must sustain high tensile forces during operation. These arise from both pressure and flow. The magnitude of the axial tension in a fire hose is
where p is pressure in the hose relative to the ambient pressure, A1 is the hose cross sectional area, ρ is the water density, and Q is the volumetric flow rate. This tension is the same regardless of the bend angle of the hose. When a nozzle is connected to a hose and water is ejected, the nozzle must be restrained by an anchor such as the hands of a firefighter. This anchor must apply a force in the direction of the spray, which is called the nozzle reaction. The magnitude of the nozzle reaction is the jet momentum flow rate,
where A2 is the cross sectional area of the nozzle.
where p is pressure in the hose relative to the ambient pressure, A1 is the hose cross sectional area, ρ is the water density, and Q is the volumetric flow rate. This tension is the same regardless of the bend angle of the hose. When a nozzle is connected to a hose and water is ejected, the nozzle must be restrained by an anchor such as the hands of a firefighter. This anchor must apply a force in the direction of the spray, which is called the nozzle reaction. The magnitude of the nozzle reaction is the jet momentum flow rate,
where A2 is the cross sectional area of the nozzle.
мұнда p – шлангіштегі қысым, ал орта қысымға қатысты, A1 – шлангіштің көлденең қимасының ауданы, ρ – судың тығыздығы, ал Q – көлемдік ағын мөлшері. Бұл созылу шлангіштің иілу бұрышына қарамастан бірдей болады. Шлангішке форсунка қосылғанда және су шашылғанда, форсунканы өрт сөндірушінің қолы сияқты бекіткішпен ұстап тұру қажет. Бұл бекіткіш шашырату бағытында күш түсіруі керек, бұл күшке форсунканың реакциясы деп аталады. Форсунканың реакциясының шамасы – реактивті импульс ағыны, мұнда A2 – форсунканың көлденең қимасының ауданы.
Fire hoses must sustain high tensile forces during operation. These arise from both pressure and flow. The magnitude of the axial tension in a fire hose is
where p is pressure in the hose relative to the ambient pressure, A1 is the hose cross sectional area, ρ is the water density, and Q is the volumetric flow rate. This tension is the same regardless of the bend angle of the hose. When a nozzle is connected to a hose and water is ejected, the nozzle must be restrained by an anchor such as the hands of a firefighter. This anchor must apply a force in the direction of the spray, which is called the nozzle reaction. The magnitude of the nozzle reaction is the jet momentum flow rate,
where A2 is the cross sectional area of the nozzle.
where p is pressure in the hose relative to the ambient pressure, A1 is the hose cross sectional area, ρ is the water density, and Q is the volumetric flow rate. This tension is the same regardless of the bend angle of the hose. When a nozzle is connected to a hose and water is ejected, the nozzle must be restrained by an anchor such as the hands of a firefighter. This anchor must apply a force in the direction of the spray, which is called the nozzle reaction. The magnitude of the nozzle reaction is the jet momentum flow rate,
where A2 is the cross sectional area of the nozzle.