Gaf

Letter used to represent the /ɡ/ sound in Persian alphabet. Gaf (; ), is the name of different Perso Arabic letters, all representing They are all derived from the letter kāf, with additional diacritics, such as dots and lines. There are four forms, each used in different alphabets:

in the Persian alphabet, Tausug written in Arabic Script
in the Jawi script
in the Pegon script
in Pashto

The standard practice in Egypt (for Literary and Egyptian Arabic), as in coastal Yemen and southwestern and eastern Oman, is to use (ج) for , while in Arabic dialects like Algerian Arabic, Hejazi Arabic and Najdi Arabic it is (ق), so the name gāf can be used for the letter when trying to explain a pronunciation or a spelling of a word, whether the word is foreign or dialectal. If not gāf (گ), (ك) has been traditionally used in the Levant and Iraq for In Iraq, gāf (گ) is more used. In Morocco, gāf (ݣ) or kāf (ك) is used. In Tunisia and Algeria, ڨ or ق is used. (غ) is preferred in the Levant (nowadays) and by Al Jazeera TV channel to represent , e. g., هونغ كونغ (Hong Kong) and غاندالف (Gandalf). Foreign publications and TV channels in Arabic, e. g. Deutsche Welle and Alhurra, follow this practice.

The most common form of gāf (گ) is based on kāf with an additional line. It is rarely used in Standard Arabic itself but is used to represent the sound when writing other languages. It is frequently used in Persian, Pashto, Uyghur, Urdu and Kurdish, and is one of four Perso Arabic letters not found in Arabic. It is also commonly used in Mesopotamian Arabic.

In Pashto, this letter is used for .

This gāf (ݢ) is derived from a variant form of kāf (ک), with the addition of a dot. It is not used in the Arabic language itself, but is used in the Jawi script to represent
Unicode includes two forms on this letter: one based on the standard Arabic kāf (ك), and one based on the variant form (ک). The latter is the preferred form.

This letter (ڮ) is derived from a form of kāf (ك), with the addition of three dots below. It is not used in the Arabic language itself, but is used in the Pegon script for Indonesian languages to represent .

In Chechen, Kabardian, and Adyghe, the Arabic character ࢰ is used to spell or In Chechen, ⟨گ⟩ is alternatively used as well.

This letter (ࢴ) is derived from a form of kāf (ك), with the addition of three a dot below. It is not used in the Arabic language itself, but is used in the Arwi alphabet for the Tamil language to represent .

The letter ڭ/ݣ was used in Ottoman Turkish for Both forms are based on variant forms of kāf (ك/ک), with the addition of three dots. It is used in Berber and Moroccan Arabic to represent Examples of its use include city names (e. g., Agadir: أݣادير) and family names (e. g., El Guerrouj: الݣروج). The preferred form is ڭ.