Kasuga-class cruiser

The Kasuga class cruiser (春日型巡洋艦) was a class of two armored cruisers of the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) based on the s developed by Italy at the end of the 19th century.

The Italian Giuseppe Garibaldi class design was a private venture by Gio. Ansaldo & C., which was hoping to profit from the need for the world's navies to modernize towards heavily armored steam warships. The design was so popular that between 1894 and 1902 ten cruisers were purchased by four different countries: The first five by the Italian Navy, four by the Argentine Navy and one by the Spanish Navy. There is a disagreement in sources as to who originally ordered these ships. Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships states that they were ordered by the Italian Navy, while naval historian Robert Scheina writes that it was actually Argentina. In any case, Argentina originally planned to name them Mitre and Roca, then Rivadavia and Mariano Moreno, before they sold them to the Imperial Japanese Navy before final completion in 1904, where they were renamed the Japanese cruiser Kasuga and Japanese cruiser Nisshin.

Designed by Edoardo Masdea, the Garibaldi class cruiser was a hybrid between a cruiser and a battleship. At maximum speed, the design was slightly slower than contemporary cruisers, but was very heavily armed and also heavily armored, in a package with very low displacement and moderate dimensions. The class was unusual in that they did not have a uniform main armament. Some had single guns in gun turrets fore and aft; others (including the Kasuga) had a mixed armament of a single gun in one turret and another turret with twin guns. A third variation (including Nisshin) was a uniform armament of four guns, twin gun turrets fore and aft.

Name Builder Laid down Launched Completed Fate Kasuga Gio. Ansaldo & C., Genoa March 1902 22 October 1902 7 January 1904 Badly damaged by bombing at Tokosuka on 18 July 1945, and broken up there 1948 Nisshin May 1902 9 February 1903 7 January 1904 Removed from effective List on 1 April 1935; expended as target 1936, then refloated and broken up

The success of the Japanese Navy in using armored cruisers in the line of battle during the Russo Japanese War of 1905 drew considerable attention from navies and ship designers worldwide. The armored cruiser design soon evolved into the dreadnought armored cruiser, which became known as the battlecruiser.