1909 in Australia

The following lists events that happened during 1909 in the Commonwealth of Australia.

8 January – Sir Thomas Bent retires as Premier of Victoria, and is replaced by John Murray. 9 March – Electric trams begin operation in Adelaide. 31 March – Victoria is the last Australian state to grant women's suffrage. 30 April – Tasmania begins to use the Hare Clark single transferable vote method in the 1909 general election. 26 May – The Protectionist Party and the Free Trade Party merge to form the Fusion Party, led by Alfred Deakin. 2 June – The Labor government of Andrew Fisher is ousted from office by Alfred Deakin's Fusion Party, and Deakin becomes Prime Minister for the third time. 5 June – Steam trams begin operation in Rockhampton, Queensland. 18 to 21 August – Disastrous floods strike Victoria. 6 October – Martha Rendell becomes the last woman to be hanged in Western Australia. 9 October – John Earle becomes Premier of Tasmania, leading Tasmania's first Labor government, however Earle's minority government only lasts a week. 6 December the Newcastle–Bolgart Railway was opened. 10 December – The University of Queensland is established. 14 December – New South Wales passes law ceding land to the Commonwealth for construction of the national capital, Canberra. 21 December – British Field Marshal Lord Kitchener arrives in Darwin after an invitation from Alfred Deakin to review Australia's military and defence plans. 24 December – Former Prime Minister Sir George Reid resigns from Parliament to become Australia's first High Commissioner to the United Kingdom.

16 July – The first powered aeroplane flight in Australia is made.

9 February – Charles Conder, artist (born and died in the United Kingdom) (b. 1868)
4 March – Max Hirsch, Victorian politician, businessman and economist (born in Prussia and died in Russia) (b. 1852)
14 March – William Charles Kernot, engineer (born in the United Kingdom) (b. 1845)
6 April – Sir Julian Salomons, 5th Chief Justice of New South Wales (born in the United Kingdom) (b. 1835)
18 April – William Saumarez Smith, Anglican archbishop (born in the United Kingdom) (b. 1836)
28 April – Henry D'Esterre Taylor, banker and federationist (b. 1853)
23 May – Elias Solomon, Western Australian politician (born in the United Kingdom) (b. 1839)
31 May – Thomas Price, 24th Premier of South Australia (born in the United Kingdom) (b. 1852)
29 June – Sir George Shenton, Western Australian politician (died in the United Kingdom) (b. 1842)
4 July – Alfred Compigne, Queensland politician (born in the United Kingdom) (b. 1818)
23 July – Sir Frederick Holder, 19th Premier of South Australia (b. 1850)
8 August – Mary MacKillop, religious sister (b. 1842)
18 September – Mary Lee, suffragette and social reformer (born in Ireland) (b. 1821)
6 October – Martha Rendell, convicted murderer (b. 1871)
10 November – George Essex Evans, poet (born in the United Kingdom) (b. 1863)
6 December – Sir William Henry Bundey, South Australian politician and judge (born in the United Kingdom) (b. 1838)