Fesenjān

Traditional Iranian meat stew
the village in Iran

Fesenjān (فسنجان; also called fesenjoon in Tehrani dialect) is a sweet and sour Iranian stew (a khoresh) from Northern Iran. It is typically served over rice in the Iranian manner. Like other khoresh stews served over rice, fesenjan is common also to Iraqi cuisine. As a festive dish for special occasions, it has become part of Jewish Rosh Hashannah celebrations. Even though the typology of Jewish ethnic cuisines is imprecise. In Azerbaijan, where it called fisincan plov, the stew is made with lamb meatballs instead of poultry.

Fesenjān is flavored with pomegranate paste and ground walnuts (see bazha) and spices like turmeric, cinnamon, orange peel, cardamom, and rosebud. It is traditionally made with eggplant and poultry (duck or chicken). Sometimes, a hot iron is applied to cause oxidation and darken the sauce's color. It is a dish that is part of the dinner table on Yaldā Night celebrations.

The earliest known reference to fesenjān is in Mirza Ali Akbar Khan Ashpazbashis Sofra ye at'ema from 1881, which lists ten different varieties of the dish: walnut (today the most common), almond, eggplant, kidney bean, quince, potato, carrot, pumpkin, fish, and yogurt. The first dictionary to mention fesenjān is the Farhang e Anandraj, which calls it fasūjan and says that the dish originated in Gilan.

Fesenjān is an elaborate dish that is often reserved for special occasions. It is considered "a rich man's dish", which is referenced in the Persian expression "he behaves as if he has had partridge and fesenjān", meaning to show off or act pretentiously. In the traditional Iranian system of garm and sard foods (i. e. "hot" and "cold", respectively), fesenjān is considered "hot" because it uses walnuts, which are also considered a "hot" food. In order to balance out this hotness, sometimes people will add coriander (a "cold" plant) to it; peeled pumpkin is also added for the same reason, as well as to act as a sugar substitute.