Монреаль қаласының Нотр-Дам-де-Грас ауданы

the neighbourhood of Montreal

Notre Dame de Grâce , commonly known as NDG, is a residential neighbourhood of Montreal in the city's West End, with a population of 166,520 (2016). An independent municipality until annexed by the City of Montreal in 1910, NDG is today one half of the borough of Côte des Neiges–Notre Dame de Grâce. It comprises two wards, Loyola to the west and Notre Dame de Grâce to the east. NDG is bordered by four independent enclaves; its eastern border is shared with the City of Westmount, Quebec, to the north and west it is bordered by the cities of Montreal West, Hampstead and Côte Saint Luc. NDG plays a pivotal role in serving as the commercial and cultural hub for Montreal's predominantly English speaking West End, with Sherbrooke Street West running the length of the community as the main commercial artery. The community is roughly bounded by Claremont Avenue to the east, Côte Saint Luc Road to the north, Brock Avenue in the west, and Highway 20 and the Saint Jacques Escarpment to the south.

At the time of Montreal's founding in 1642 most of the land stretching past Mount Royal to the northwest was a vast forest running the length of a long, narrow ridge known as the Saint Jacques Escarpment. The area that was to become Notre Dame de Grâce was founded along that ridge, near a since drained Lac Saint Pierre. The first Europeans settled the area eight years after the founding of the colony of Ville Marie, on November 18, 1650. They were Jean Descarries (or Descaris) dit le Houx and Jean Leduc, from Igé, Perche, France. Both settlers received of land in Notre Dame de Grâce, a vast territory that stretched from what would become Atwater Avenue to Lachine. The eastern part of the territory split off in 1874 as the village of Côte Saint Antoine, later renamed Westmount; a section then split off the western edge in 1897 to become Montreal West. In 1853, construction of the Church of Notre Dame de Grâce was completed. In December 1876, the Municipality of the Village of Notre Dame de Grâce was established through proclamation. In 1906, the village of Notre Dame de Grâce was incorporated as a town. On June 4, 1910, Notre Dame de Grâce was annexed to the city of Montreal. It was during this period that the long established Descarries family reached its peak. Daniel Jérémie Décarie (1836 1904) was mayor of Notre Dame de Grâce from 1877 to 1904 and his son, lawyer Jérémie Louis Décarie (1870 1927), was a Quebec parliamentarian. In May 1912, Décarie Boulevard was officially designated, running north–south from Côte des Neiges and the Town of Mount Royal in the north to Saint Henri and Côte Saint Paul in the south (a section of the road was already known as Décarie Avenue). In 1908, the first tramway made its appearance in Notre Dame de Grâce, running around the north side of Mount Royal from Snowdon Station to the intersection of Mount Royal and Parc avenues. Gradually the village developed around the Church of Notre Dame de Grâce which was the head church of the seven parishes on the western part of the Island of Montreal. It was around 1920 that Anglophones began settling in NDG, resulting in the construction of numerous schools and churches. The Décarie Expressway opened to motorists in 1966, in time for Expo 67. Since 2002, the area has been administratively attached to Côte des Neiges as the borough of Côte des Neiges–Notre Dame de Grâce.

Notre Dame de Grâce is bounded on the east by the border with Westmount and Côte des Neiges, the south by the Saint Jacques Escarpment, and the north by Côte Saint Luc Road, extending west to the border with Montreal West.

"Westmount Adjacent" is a term applied by realtors to a district along the eastern edge of Notre Dame de Grâce, located in between the city of Westmount to the east, the Décarie Expressway to the west, De Maisonneuve Boulevard to the south, and the lands of Villa Maria private Catholic girls school to the north. Both of Notre Dame de Grâce's metro stations, Vendôme and Villa Maria, are located in the area. The construction of the Décarie Expressway forced the displacement of 285 families and had a major impact on the neighbourhood, severing the easternmost part from the whole and leading to the area being referred to as Westmount Adjacent — a term implying housing costs and lifestyles more on par with Westmount, one of the most affluent communities in North America, rather than NDG which as a whole is more middle income.

Broadly speaking Notre Dame de Grâce is a middle class first ring residential suburb with a culturally and linguistically diverse urban population. The cityscape and history of the community is rooted firmly in NDG's role as a home for an upwardly mobile French Canadian middle class that developed much of the land roughly between Confederation and the First World War. The neighbourhood is characterized by traditional Quebecois housing styles notably the detached or semidetached duplex as well as being organized along the historic land division system developed by for agricultural purposes during Quebec's colonial period (i. e. long, rectangular city blocks running perpendicular to a river or ridge). It is a predominantly residential neighbourhood with considerable appeal to a wide variety of Montrealers, owing principally to its local cultural cachet, proximity to the urban core of the city, and wide variety of commercial and public services. NDG is a community of communities, as there are several somewhat distinct neighbourhoods within it. Officially the community is divided into an eastern and western ward with Cavendish Boulevard serving as the bisecting line. The eastern part of Notre Dame de Grâce is itself split in two parts by the Décarie Expressway (running north–south), which was built in the late 1950s and resulted in the destruction of many hundreds of homes. The eastern ward is focused around the parish church at the intersection of Décarie and Notre Dame de Grâce avenue, with many of the neighbourhood's oldest buildings being found nearby. Owing to its history, the eastern ward is primarily francophone, middle class and has a strong French and Quebecois cultural and aesthetic character. The western ward developed during the interwar and post WW2 era and is more varied in terms of housing styles, income levels, cultural representation and spoken languages. Generally speaking NDG is associated with Montreal's multi ethnic middle class Anglophone community, given the presence of major Anglophone institutions like Loyola College of Concordia University and the MUHC super hospital, but despite this association many residents are bilingual in French and English and speak both on a regular, if not daily, basis. Affordable housing and proximity to major Anglophone post secondary educational institutions, particularly Dawson College and Concordia University, has resulted in a large and consistent student population residing in NDG. The visible minority population of the neighbourhood is 33%, with the ethnic breakdown of the neighbourhood varied over the territory of NDG. There is also a sizeable Afro Canadian and immigrant community, concentrated mostly around the parts of the district north of Somerled Avenue as well as south of Sherbrooke Street, and a 'Little Italy' located south of the Canadian Pacific line, colloquially referred to as Saint Raymond. Saint Raymond, with a population of 5 915, has a black population of 18% and a Chinese population of 12%, both notably higher than Montreal as a whole. In recent years, Notre Dame de Grâce has developed into a highly desirable neighbourhood for young professionals, though little gentrification has occurred outside of the Monkland Village.

Geographically NDG is situated on a long plateau extending southwest from Mount Royal, cascading in wide terraces down from Côte Saint Luc Road (côte being the French word for ridge) towards the far steeper Saint Jacques Escarpment. The land is divided, as is traditional in Quebec, in long narrow strips, an evolution of the seigneurial land division system of the province's colonial era. Thus, NDG has many avenues running north–south, but far fewer running east–west. As such, the community is characterized by several prominent boulevards where commercial activity is concentrated. This design element also traces its history back to the earliest urban design planning native to Canada. NDG is almost exclusively residential and institutional in nature, defined in part by major Anglophone civic institutions anchoring its eastern and western ends. These are the MUHC hospital at the Glen Yards, adjacent to the Vendôme intermodal station and the Loyola campus of Concordia University (situated next to the Montreal West commuter rail station, respectively). Public schools, libraries, places of worship, parks, playgrounds, and public athletic facilities, including a local chapter of the Montreal YMCA, are distributed throughout the area. Housing tends towards the antique, with much of the construction occurring between 1910 and 1940 and providing a unique mix of Art Nouveau, Art Deco, and Beaux Arts influences on traditional Quebecois architectural styles. There a variety of housing styles found in the borough, though the dominant and favoured style remains the red brick duplex row house. Adding to its residential appeal, the community is well known for its tree lined streets and general walkability. An important housing project is situated near the geographical centre of NDG on Cavendish Boulevard, which bisects the borough into its eastern and western halves. The Benny Farm housing project was built to serve the needs of veterans returning from Second World War service, though was later designated as subsidized housing. The housing and surrounding landscaping was rehabilitated in the early 2000s, with new low cost housing and additional public facilities built, such as the Benny Farm CLSC (a community centre with many social services including a clinic run by the provincial health ministry). The Décarie Expressway trench and the mainline of the Canadian Pacific railway each forms barriers that arguably disrupt the cohesiveness of the borough. As such, sections of NDG have unique characteristics and be characterized as well defined neighbourhoods. As an example, the sliver of NDG running between the rail line and the Saint Jacques Escarpment (from Cavendish Boulevard to the Décarie Expressway) is known as St. Raymond's and has a strong association with Montreal's Italian community. Another section, separated from the rest of NDG by a highway trench and sharing a border with Westmount, is closer to where the village of Notre Dame de Grâce was founded, and as such is occasionally referred to as 'Old NDG'. NDG first rose to prominence as an important middle class suburb towards the end of the 19th century, initially populated by the (then) new white collar workforce of the Canadian metropolis and accessible via tramways running to and from the city centre. As widespread suburbanization developed in the post WW2 period, NDG became home to successive waves of immigrants, first from Eastern Europe (including a sizeable Jewish population), then from the Caribbean, and more recently from Africa, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia. Concurrently, Anglophone Montrealers consolidated in the West End broadly speaking, with Montreal's Irish and Black communities shifting away from their traditional neighbourhoods (Griffintown and Little Burgundy respectively) and taking a more prominent position within the demographics of the area. Today NDG is a cosmopolitan mixed income urban neighbourhood highly sought after by young professionals. The multitude of services, including parks and other green spaces, schools, clinics, and major institutions, make it an ideal neighbourhood to raise a family close to the centre of the city of Montreal and its Central Business District. The vintage and antique housing is generally well kept and the aesthetic of the early 20th century first ring suburb has been preserved. Additionally, NDG is well served by public transit, including numerous bus lines, two Métro, and two commuter train stations, allowing the area to be one of the most 'walkable' in the entire city.

NDG is well known for many large parks including NDG Park (known as Girouard Park), Loyola Park, Trenholme Park, Benny Park, Somerled Park, and Parc de la Confédération. The area has three indoor hockey arenas: the public Doug Harvey Arena (formerly Confederation Arena) and the private Lower Canada College High School and Concordia University (Ed Meagher Arena) rinks. NDG is also home to the NDG YMCA, which includes a pool, gym, and recreation programs for youth and adults. The community is home to several sports organizations for both children and adults, with NDG Hockey and NDG Baseball being the most well known and respected organizations. NDG Baseball joined Baseball Québec in 2022 after many years and several championships as part of Little League Quebec. NDG is home to the Montreal Exiles Rugby Football club (www. montrealexiles. com) who have mini rugby teams (NDG Dragons) at U 6, U 8, U 10 U 12 and U 14 levels, Junior rugby at U 18 and senior men's rugby. Founded in 2011, the senior men's side featured in the provincial finals in 2011, losing to Westmount in the semi final, and again in 2012 winning the Division C league and Cup. Their home field is Confederation Park.

The public transport agency that operates transit bus and rapid transit services in Montreal is the Société de transport de Montréal (STM).

The major commercial streets are Monkland Avenue, Somerled Avenue and Sherbrooke Street West. Monkland Village comprises a cluster of businesses on the eastern part of Monkland Avenue that was revitalized in the 1990s. The Décarie Expressway is a major sunken urban highway that runs north–south and splits eastern NDG into two segments. Several bridges connect both sides of the borough for both vehicles and pedestrians.

The Montreal Public Libraries Network operates libraries.