Гонзага әулеті: Италиялық билеушілер тарихы

Italian royal family that ruled

The House of Gonzaga (/US//ɡ//ə//n/'/z//ɑː//ɡ//ə//, //ɡ//ɒ//n// //, // /'/z//æ//ɡ// /, ɡonˈdzaːɡa) is an Italian princely family that ruled Mantua in Lombardy, northern Italy from 1328 to 1708 (first as a captaincy general, then margraviate, and finally duchy). They also ruled Monferrato in Piedmont and Nevers in France, as well as many other lesser fiefs throughout Europe. The family includes a saint, twelve cardinals and fourteen bishops. Two Gonzaga descendants became empresses of the Holy Roman Empire (Eleonora Gonzaga and Eleonora Gonzaga Nevers), and one became queen of Poland (Marie Louise Gonzaga).

The first members of the family of historical importance are known to have collaborated with the Guelph faction alongside the monks of the Polirone Abbey. Starting from the 12th century they became a dominant family in Mantua, growing in wealth when their allies, the Bonacolsi, defeated the traditional familiar enemy, the Casalodi. In 1328, however, Ludovico I Gonzaga overthrew the Bonacolsi lordship over the city with the help of the Scaliger, and entered the Ghibelline party as capitano del popolo ("people's captain") of Mantua and imperial vicar of Emperor Louis IV. Ludovico was succeeded by Guido (1360–1369) and Ludovico II (1369–1382), while Feltrino, lord of Reggio until 1371, formed the cadet branch of the Gonzaga of Novellara, whose state existed until 1728. Francesco I (1382–1407) abandoned the traditional alliance with the Visconti of Milan, in order to align their rising power with the Republic of Venice. In 1433, Gianfrancesco I assumed the title of Marquis of Mantua with the recognition of Emperor Sigismund, while obtaining recognition from the local nobility through the marriage of his daughter Margherita to Leonello d'Este, Marquis of Ferrara in 1435. In 1530 Federico II (1500–1540) received the title of Duke of Mantua. Also the two brothers of Federico II are historical characters of a certain importance: Ercole Gonzaga became a cardinal, presided over the Council of Trent and was almost elected Pope; Ferrante was a faithful ally of the Emperor Charles V who covered him with honors and positions, Ferrante was also the progenitor of the cadet branch of the Gonzaga of Guastalla. In 1531, the family acquired the Marquisate of Montferrat through marriage. Through maternal ancestors, the Gonzagas inherited also the Imperial Byzantine ancestry of the Paleologus, an earlier ruling family of Montferrat. A cadet branch of the Mantua Gonzagas became dukes of Nevers and Rethel in France when Luigi (Louis) Gonzaga, a younger son of Federico II Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua, and Margherita Paleologa, married the heiress. The Gonzaga Nevers later came to rule Mantua again when Louis's son Charles (Carlo) inherited Mantua and Montferrat, triggering the War of the Mantuan Succession. Another cadet branch were first sovereign counts, later dukes of Guastalla. They descended from Ferrante, a younger son of Duke Francesco II of Mantua (1484–1519). Ferrante's grandson, Ferrante II, also played a role in the War of the Mantuan Succession. A further cadet branch was that of Sabbioneta, founded by Gianfrancesco, son of Ludovico III. Marie Louise Gonzaga, daughter of Prince Charles Gonzaga Nevers, was a Polish queen consort from 1645 to her death in 1667. Two daughters of the house, both named Eleanor Gonzaga, became Holy Roman Empresses, by marrying emperors Ferdinand II of Germany and Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor, respectively. From the latter Empress Eleonora, the current heirs of the Gonzaga descend. Saint Aloysius Gonzaga was a member of a junior branch of this family. The House of Gonzaga is the inspiration for the play within the play in Shakespeare's Hamlet. In Act 3 scene 2, they act out a play called The Murder of Gonzago (or The Mousetrap). Gonzaga rule continued in Mantua until 1708 and in Guastalla until 1746. Both ruling lines going extinct until passing on to a minor Gonzaga Vescovato branch, which is the only remaining existing branch.

RulerBornReignRuling partConsortDeathNotesLudovico I 1268MantuaSon of Guido Corradi da Gonzaga and Estrambina di San Martino16 August 1328 – 18 January 1360Lordship of Mantua Richilda Ramberti1312four childrenCaterina Malatestac.1320four childrenGiovanna Malaspina of Fosdinovo1340six children18 January 1360Mantuaaged 91 92With the help of Cangrande I della Scala, lord of Verona, Ludovico became Capitano del popolo of Mantua, and also the first effective ruler of his family. Feltrino c.1290MantuaThird son of Ludovico I and Richilda Ramberti 1335 – 28 December 1374Lordship of Novellara Bagnolo Antonia da Correggioc.1340four children28 December 1374Paduaaged 83 84? Conquered the region of Reggio as early as 1335, and on 17 May 1371 sold to Milan all this land, with the exception of Novellara and Bagnolo. Guido 1290MantuaSecond son of Ludovico I and Richilda Ramberti 18 January 1360 – 22 September 1369Lordship of Mantua Agnese Pico di Mirandolac.1310/20?two childrenCamilla Beccariac.1330?no childrenBeatrice of Bar1340six children22 September 1369Mantuaaged 78 79 Elected in Mantua. Got firstly elected in Reggio Emilia in 1335. Ludovico II 1334MantuaSecond son of Guido and Beatrice of Bar 22 September 1369 – 4 October 1382Lordship of Mantua Alda d'Este1356two children4 October 1382Mantuaaged 47 48Guido II 1 February 1340NovellaraSecond son of Feltrino I and Antonia da Correggio 28 December 1374 – 2 February 1399Lordship of Novellara Ginevra Malatesta1374four children2 February 1399Novellaraaged 59Francesco I 1366MantuaSon of Ludovico II and Alda d'Este 4 October 1382 – 7 March 1407Lordship of Mantua Agnese Visconti15 August 1375(by proxy)25 December 1380(formal)one childMargherita Malatesta1399two children7 March 1407Cavrianaaged 40 41Giacomo c.1375NovellaraFirst son of Guido II and Ginevra Malatesta 2 February 1399 – 1441Lordship of Novellara Ippolita Piofive children1441Novellaraaged 64 65Children of Guido II, divided their inheritance. Feltrino II c.1375NovellaraSecond son of Guido II and Ginevra Malatesta 2 February 1399 – 1424Lordship of Bagnolo Antonia Gonzaga of Mantuafour children1424aged 48 49?Regency of Carlo I Malatesta, Lord of Rimini (1407 1409)On 22 September 1433, the lordship was officially raised to a Marquisate, as Gian Francesco purchased his title from Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor. Gian Francesco 1 June 1395MantuaSon of Francesco I and Margherita Malatesta7 March 1407 – 25 September 1444Lordship of Mantua(1407 1433)Marquisate of Mantua(1433 1444) Paola Malatesta22 August 1409Pesarosix children25 September 1444Mantuaaged 49Guido c.1410?NovellaraSecond son of Feltrino II and Antonia Gonzaga of Mantua 1424 – 1456Lordship of Bagnolo Unmarried1456aged 45 46?Francesco I c.1420NovellaraFirst son of Giacomo and Ippolita Pio1441 – 8 February 1484Lordship of Novellara Costanza Strozziseven children8 February 1484Novellaraaged 53 54Ludovico III the Turk 5 June 1412MantuaFirst son of Gian Francesco and Paola Malatesta25 September 1444 – 11 June 1478Marquisate of Mantua Barbara of Brandenburg12 November 1433Mantuafourteen children11 June 1478Goitoaged 66Children of Gian Francesco, divided the land. After Alessandro's death, Ostiano returned to Mantua, only to be partitioned off again in the next generation. Carlo1415MantuaSecond son of Gian Francesco and Paola Malatesta25 September 1444 – 21 December 1456Lordship of Luzzara Lucia d'Este1437no childrenRingarda Manfreditwo children21 December 1456Ferraraaged 40 41Alessandro26 August 1427MantuaThird son of Gian Francesco and Paola Malatesta25 September 1444 – 16 January 1466Marquisate of Ostiano Agnese da Montefeltro1446no children16 January 1466Mantuaaged 38Regency of Ringarda Manfredi (1456 1466)After his death, Luzzara returned to Mantua, only to be later partitioned off again and given to his cousin Rodolfo. Ugolotto1452MantuaSon of Carlo and Ringarda Manfredi21 December 1456 – c.1470Lordship of Luzzara Unmarriedc.1470?aged 17 18?Giorgio c.1420NovellaraSecond son of Giacomo Gonzaga, Lord of Novellara and Ippolita Pio1456 – 1487Lordship of Bagnolo Paola Schianteschitwo or four childrenAlda Torelliat least four children1487Novellaraaged 56 57?Federico I 25 June 1441MantuaSecond son of Ludovico III and Barbara of Brandenburg11 June 1478 – 14 July 1484Marquisate of Mantua Margaret of Bavaria6 June 1463Mantuasix children14 July 1484Mantuaaged 43Children of Ludovico III, divided the land. Gian Francesco 4 October 1446MantuaFourth son of Ludovico III and Barbara of Brandenburg11 June 1478 – 27 August 1496County of Sabbioneta Antonia del Balzo17 July 1479eleven children27 August 1496Bozzoloaged 49Rodolfo I 18 April 1452MantuaFifth son of Ludovico III and Barbara of Brandenburg11 June 1478 – 6 July 1495Lordship of Luzzara Antonia Malatesta11 January 1481no childrenCaterina Pico della Mirandola1484six children6 July 1495Fornovoaged 43Ludovico21 August 1460MantuaSixth son of Ludovico III and Barbara of Brandenburg11 June 1478 – 19 January 1511Marquisate of OstianoUnmarried19 January 1511Gazzuoloaged 50Ostiano annexed to SabbionetaGian Pietro 1469NovellaraFirst son of Francesco I and Costanza Strozzi8 February 1484 – 18 November 1515Lordship of Novellara(1484 1501)County of Novellara and Bagnolo(1501 1515) Caterina Torellic.1495eight children18 November 1515Novellaraaged 45 46 On 7 July 1501, obtained the comital title from Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor. Francesco II 10 August 1466MantuaFirst son of Federico I and Margaret of Bavaria14 July 1484 – 29 March 1519Marquisate of Mantua Isabella d'Este11 February 1490(by proxy)15 February 1490Pesaro(formal)eight children29 March 1519Mantuaaged 52Cristoforo c.1470?First son of Giorgio and Alda Torelli1487 – 1510Lordship of Bagnolo(until 1509; at Vescovato since 1494) Latina Ubaldinithree childrenAfter 1510Children of Giorgio, ruled jointly. Despite losing Bagnolo in 1509 (which merged again in Novellara), they kept rulership at Vescovato which they ruled from 1494. Cristoforo gave up his part in Vescovato in 1510. This feud was then sold in 1519 to Mantua, and given to a collateral line. Giacomo c.1470?Second son of Giorgio and Alda Torelli1487 – 1519 UnmarriedAfter 1519Marco Antonio c.1470?Third son of Giorgio and Alda Torelli1487 – 1509 Unknownfour children1509aged c.38 39?Guido II c.1470?Fourth son of Giorgio and Alda Torelli1487 – 1519 Laura Martinengosix children1519aged 48 49?Bagnolo reannexed to NovellaraRegency of Caterina Pico della Mirandola (1495 1502) Children of Rodolfo, divided officially their inheritance on 30 January 1511. Gian Francesco abdicated to his son shortly before his own death. Gian Francesco 2 February 1488LuzzaraFirst son of Rodolfo I and Caterina Pico della Mirandola6 July 1495 – 11 October 1524Lordship of Luzzara Laura Pallavicinoc.1510eight children18 December 1524Luzzaraaged 36Aloisio 20 April 1494LuzzaraSecond son of Rodolfo I and Caterina Pico della Mirandola6 July 1495 – 19 July 1549Lordship of Luzzara(until 1511)Lordship of Castiglione(from 1511) Ginevra Rangoni24 July 1519Mantuano childrenCaterina AnguissolaDecember 1540three children19 July 1549Castel Goffredoaged 55Ludovico 1481BozzoloFirst son of Gian Francesco and Antonia del Balzo27 August 1496 – 1 July 1540County of Sabbioneta Francesca Fieschi1497eleven children1 July 1540Bozzoloaged 58 59 Children of Gian Francesco, divided the land, but given Federico's lack of descendants, the patrimony was inherited by Pirro. After Pirro's death Bozzolo (only) was annexed to Sabbioneta. Gazzuolo lived on until the next generation. Federico I c.1480BozzoloSecond son of Gian Francesco and Antonia del Balzo27 August 1496 – 28 December 1527Lordship of Bozzolo Giovanna Orsini1503Asolano children28 December 1527Todiaged c.46 47Pirro I 1490BozzoloThird son of Gian Francesco and Antonia del Balzo27 August 1496 – 22 January 1529Lordship of Bozzolo(at Gazzuolo 1496 1529;at Bozzolo proper1527 1529) Camilla Bentivoglioc.1500?seven children22 January 1529Gazzuoloaged 38 39Bozzolo (only) briefly annexed to Sabbioneta (1529 1591)Alessandro I 1496NovellaraFirst son of Gian Pietro and Caterina Torelli18 November 1515 – 26 February 1530County of Novellara and Bagnolo 1518four childrenAugust 1530Naplesaged 33 34 Abdicated shortly before his death. Regency of Isabella d'Este (1519 1521)On 8 April 1530, the marquisate was officially raised to a Duchy, as Federico II obtained his title from Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor. Federico II 17 May 1500MantuaFirst son of Francesco II and Isabella d'Este29 March 1519 – 28 June 1540Marquisate of Mantua(1519 1530)Duchy of Mantua(1530 1540) Margherita Palaiologina of Montferrat3 October 1531Mantuaseven children28 June 1540Mantuaaged 40Giovanni 1474MantuaThird son of Federico I and Margaret of Bavaria29 March 1519 – 23 September 1525Lordship of Vescovato Laura Bentivoglio20 June 1491Bolognaeight children23 September 1525Mantuaaged 50 51 Youngest child of Federico I of Mantua, inherited Vescovato at the same time as his nephew, Federico II was inheriting Mantua. Regency of Laura Pallavicino (1524 1527)Fought with his brother Rodolfo, who wanted a condominium in Luzzara. Massimiliano won the war, and his brother eventually got a separate property at Poviglio, given by the Guastalla branch. In 1561 Massimiliano's lordship was elevated to a Marquisate. Massimiliano 1513LuzzaraSon of Gian Francesco and Laura Pallavicino11 October 1524 – 4 March 1578Lordship of Luzzara(until 1561)Marquisate of Luzzara(from 1561) Caterina Colonna1548five children4 March 1578Luzzaraaged 64 65Alessandro 1497Third son of Giovanni and Laura Bentivoglio23 September 1525 – 17 September 1527Lordship of VescovatoIppolita Sforzaone child17 September 1527Riozzoaged 29 30 Left a son, but was succeeded by his brother in the lordship. Sigismondo I1499Fifth son of Giovanni and Laura Bentivoglio17 September 1527 – December 1530Lordship of Vescovato Antonia Pallavicino1529two childrenDecember 1530aged 30 31 Federico II c.1520Gazzuolo (? )First son of Pirro I and Camilla Bentivoglio22 January 1529 – 1570Lordship of Bozzolo(at Gazzuolo only) Lucrezia d'Incisa1550two children.1570Gazzuoloaged 49 50Children of Pirro I. Having lost Bozzolo, got control of the remaining territories. However, after their deaths these territories were also lost. Carlo 1523GazzuoloSecond son of Pirro I and Camilla Bentivoglio22 January 1529 – 13 June 1555Lordship of Bozzolo(at San Martino dell'Argine) Emilia Cauzzi Gonzagac.1500?seven children13 June 1555Gazzuoloaged 32 33Gazzuolo and San Martino divided and annexed to Sabbioneta and MantuaRegency of Costanza da Correggio (1530 1540)Children of Alessandro I, ruled jointly. Francesco II 16 January 1519NovellaraFirst son of Alessandro I and 26 February 1530 – 1577County of Novellara and Bagnolo Caterina Torellic.1495eight children1577Mantuaaged 45 46Camillo I 27 March 1521BolognaSecond son of Alessandro I and 26 February 1530 – 24 April 1595County of Novellara and Bagnolo Barbara Borromeo(1538 – 1572)1555no children24 April 1595Novellaraaged 74Alfonso I 25 September 1529TurinFourth son of Alessandro I and Costanza da Correggio26 February 1530 – 1 October 1589County of Novellara and Bagnolo Vittoria di Capua1567thirteen children1 October 1589Novellaraaged 60Regency of Antonia Pallavicino (1530 1544) During his rule the lordship was elevated to a marquisate. Sigismondo II 1530LuzzaraSon of Sigismondo I and Antonia PallavicinoDecember 1530 – 1567Lordship of Vescovato(until 1559)Marquisate of Vescovato(from 1559) Lavinia Rangonifive children1567aged 36 37Ferrante I(Ferdinando I) 28 January 1507MantuaThird son of Francesco II, Marquis of Mantua and Isabella d'Este3 October 1539 – 15 November 1557County of Guastalla Isabella di Capua1530Napleseleven children15 November 1557Brusselsaged 50 Guastalla was sold to the Gonzagas in 1539 by Ludovica Torelli. Regency of Margherita Palaiologina of Montferrat, Cardinal Ercole Gonzaga and Ferrante I, Count of Guastalla (1540 1550)Left no descendants. He was succeeded by his brother. Francesco III 10 March 1533MantuaFirst son of Federico II and Margherita Palaiologina of Montferrat28 June 1540 – 21 February 1550Duchy of Mantua Catherine of Austria22 October 1549Mantuano children21 February 1550Mantuaaged 16Regency of Giulia Gonzaga, Countess of Rodigo (1540 1545)In 1577, the county was elevated to a duchy, obtained from Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor. Vespasiano 6 December 1531FondiSon of Luigi Gonzaga Rodomonte, Heir of Sabbioneta and Isabella Colonna1 July 1540 – 26 February 1591County of Sabbioneta(1540 1577)Duchy of Sabbioneta(1577 1591) Diana Folch de CardonaApril 1550Piacenzano childrenAnna of Aragon8 May 1564Madridthree childrenMargherita Gonzaga of Guastalla1581no children26 February 1591Sabbionetaaged 59Regencies of Caterina Anguissola (1549 1550) and Giovanni Anguissola (1550 1565) Children of Aloisio, divided the land. Alfonso November 1541Castel GoffredoFirst son of Aloisio and Caterina Anguissola19 July 1549 – 19 July 1549Lordship of Castiglione(at Castel Goffredo) Ippolita Maggi1568Milanseven children7 May 1593Gambaredoloaged 51Ferrante 28 July 1544Castel GoffredoSecond son of Aloisio and Caterina Anguissola19 July 1549 – 15 February 1586Lordship of Castiglione(until 1579; at Castiglione proper)Marquisate of Castiglione(from 1579) Marta Tana15 November 1566eight children15 February 1586Milanaged 41Orazio 1545Castel GoffredoThird son of Aloisio and Caterina Anguissola19 July 1549 – 13 January 1587Lordship of Castiglione(at Solferino) Paola Martinengo1568no children13 January 1587Mantuaaged 41 42Castel Goffredo and Solferino merged again in CastiglioneRegency of Margherita Palaiologina of Montferrat, Cardinal Ercole Gonzaga and Ferrante I, Count of Guastalla (1550 1556)Guglielmo 24 April 1538MantuaSecond son of Federico II and Margherita Palaiologina of Montferrat21 February 1550 – 14 August 1587Duchy of Mantua Eleanor of Austria26 April 1561Mantuathree children14 August 1587Goitoaged 49Cesare I 6 September 1536MantuaSon of Ferrante I and Isabella di Capua15 November 1557 – 17 February 1575County of Guastalla Camilla Borromeo12 March 1560two children17 February 1575Guastallaaged 38Carlo I 20 April 1551VescovatoFirst son of Sigismondo II and Charlotte de Choiseul1567 – 9 January 1614Marquisate of Vescovato Emilia Olimpia Ferrero Fieschi(d.1630)seven children9 January 1614Sienaaged 62 Regency of Camilla Borromeo (1575 1579) On 2 July 1621 the County was raised to a Duchy. With this new dignity Ferrante claimed for himself (unsuccessfully) the main Duchy of Mantua during the War of Mantuan Succession. Ferrante II(Ferdinando II) 1563GuastallaSon of Cesare I and Camilla Borromeo17 February 1575 – 5 August 1630County of Guastalla(1575 1621)Duchy of Guastalla(1621 1630)Vittoria Doria1587eleven children5 August 1630Guastallaaged 66 67Prospero 1543LuzzaraSon of Massimiliano and Caterina Colonna4 March 1578 – 25 September 1614Marquisate of Luzzara Isabella Gonzaga of Bozzolo1576thirteen children25 September 1614Mantuaaged 70 71Son in law of Pirro II of Bozzolo. Rodolfo II 7 March 1569Castiglione delle StiviereSecond son of Ferrante and Marta Tana15 February 1586 – 3 January 1593Marquisate of Castiglione Elena Aliprandi29 October 1588four children3 January 1593Castel Goffredoaged 23Left no male descendants. Vincenzo I 21 September 1562MantuaSon of Guglielmo and Eleanor of Austria14 August 1587 – 18 February 1612Duchy of Mantua Margherita Farnese2 March 1581Piacenza(annulled 26 May 1583)no childrenEleonora de' Medici29 April 1584Mantuasix children18 February 1612Mantuaaged 49Isabella 12 January 1565SabbionetaDaughter of Vespasiano and Anna of Aragon26 February 1591 – 10 February 1637Duchy of Sabbioneta Luigi Carafa della Stadera29 November 1584Bozzoloone child10 February 1637Naplesaged 72 Survived her son; after her death, the duchy was inherited by her granddaughter, Anna Carafa della Stadera, and then to the House of Guzmán. Sabbioneta inherited by the Carafa family and the House of GuzmánPirro II 3 May 1540San Martino dall'ArgineFirst son of Carlo and Emilia Cauzzi Gonzaga1591 15 June 1592Lordship of Bozzolo Francesca Guerrieritwo children15 June 1592San Martino dall'Argineaged 52 Possibly for compensation, Bozzolo was returned to this branch after Vespasiano of Sabbioneta's death. Giulio Cesare 1552San Martino dall'ArgineSixth son of Carlo and Emilia Cauzzi Gonzaga1591 23 June 1609Lordship of Bozzolo Flaminia Colonna1587two children23 June 1609Bozzoloaged 52Francesco 27 April 1577Castiglione delle StiviereFifth son of Ferrante and Marta Tana3 January 1593 – 23 October 1616Marquisate of Castiglione(at Castiglione proper) Bibiana of Pernstein5 February 1598Pragueeight children23 October 1616Toscolano Madernoaged 39 Brothers of Rodolfo II, divided the land once more. Cristierno 30 September 1580Castiglione delle StiviereSixth son of Ferrante and Marta Tana3 January 1593 – September 1630Marquisate of Castiglione(at Solferino) Marcella Malaspina of GragnolaDecember 1605three childrenSeptember 1630Solferinoaged 49 50Camillo II 25 May 1581NovellaraThird son of Alfonso I and Vittoria di Capua24 April 1595 – 164010 September 1644 – 8 November 1650County of Novellara and Bagnolo Caterina d'Avalos(1586 1618)13 January 1605nine children8 November 1650Novellaraaged 69 Abdicated to his son, but given his premature death he eventually resumed government. Francesco Annibale 31 July 1546GazzuoloThird son of Carlo and Emilia Cauzzi Gonzaga23 June 1609 11 March 1620Marquisate of Ostiano Unmarried11 March 1620Mantuaaged 73Bishop of Mantua, recovered the property of his family at Ostiano. Left no descendants, and Ostiano was inherited by his nephew, the lord of San Martino dell'Argine. Regency of Isabella Gonzaga of Novellara (1609 1613)Nephew of Giulio Cesare, Pirro II and Francesco Annibale. Reunited Bozzolo with Ostiano. Scipione 1595San Martino dall'ArgineSon of Ferrante Gonzaga of Bozzolo and Isabella Gonzaga of Novellara23 June 1609 12 May 1670Lordship of Bozzolo Maria Mattei(d.1658)1640three children12 May 1670San Martino dall'Argineaged 74 7511 March 1620 12 May 1670Marquisate of OstianoBozzolo annexed to OstianoFrancesco IV 7 May 1586MantuaFirst son of Vincenzo I and Eleonora de' Medici18 February – 22 December 1612Duchy of Mantua Margherita of Savoy19 February 1608Turinthree children22 December 1612Mantuaaged 40 After his death his possessions were divided. Ferdinando 26 April 1587MantuaSecond son of Vincenzo I and Eleonora de' Medici22 December 1612 – 29 October 1626Duchy of Mantua(at Mantua) Caterina de' Medici3 October 1531Mantuano children29 October 1626Mantuaaged 39 Brother and daughter of Francesco IV, divided the inheritance. Regency of Margherita of Savoy (1612 1627)Maria 29 July 1609MantuaDaughter of Francesco IV and Margherita of Savoy22 December 1612 – 14 August 1660Duchy of Mantua(at Montferrat) Carlo Gonzaga, Duke of Nevers25 December 1627Mantuatwo children14 August 1660Porto Mantovanoaged 51Francesco Giovanni10 April 1593VescovatoSon of Carlo and Emilia Olimpia Ferrero Fieschi9 January 1614 – 31 August 1636Marquisate of Vescovato Camilla Ponzoni(d.1635)1617four childrenOttavia Cecilia Flameni(d.1640)c.1635no children31 August 1636Vescovatoaged 43 Federico I20 May 1591VicenzaSon of Prospero and Isabella Gonzaga of Bozzolo25 September 1614 – 3 August 1630Marquisate of Luzzara Elisabetta Gonzaga of Poviglio(d.1620)seven childrenFulvia di Basilioc.1625?one child3 August 1630Trevisoaged 39 Son in law of Luigi, who was a son of Rodolfo Gonzaga of Poviglio. Regencies of Cristierno Gonzaga, Marquis of Solferino and Cardinal Gian Giacomo Teodoro Trivulzio (1616 1621) and Gridonia Gonzaga (1621 1629)Left no male descendants. The marquisate passed to his brother. Luigi 1611Castiglione delle StiviereSecond son of Francesco and Bibiana of Pernstein23 October 1616 – 22 February 1636Marquisate of Castiglione(at Castiglione proper) Laura del Bosco VentimigliaJanuary 1630Palermofour children22 February 1636Palermoaged 24 25 Vincenzo II 7 January 1594MantuaThird son of Vincenzo I and Eleonora de' Medici29 October 1626 – 25 December 1627Duchy of Mantua Isabella Gonzaga of Novellara23 August 1616Mantuano children25 December 1627Mantuaaged 40Carlo I 6 May 1580ParisThird son of Ludovico Gonzaga, Duke of Nevers and Henriette of Cleves25 December 1627 – 22 September 1637Duchy of Mantua(at Mantua) Catherine of Mayenne1 February 1599Soissonsno children22 September 1637Mantuaaged 57 Grandson of Federico II, won the War of the Mantuan Succession. From 1627 onwards, the Dukes of Mantua were also Dukes of Nevers, hence the branch name Gonzaga Nevers. Luigi I1602LuzzaraSeconsd son of Federico I and Elisabetta Gonzaga of Poviglio3 August 1630 – 3 November 1666Marquisate of Luzzara Elena Gonzaga of Vescovato(d.1620)nine children3 November 1666Luzzaraaged 63 64 Cesare II 1592MantuaFirst son of Ferrante II and Vittoria Doria5 August 1630 – 26 February 1632Duchy of Guastalla Isabella Orsini(1598 1623)1612two children26 February 1632Viennaaged 39 40Ferrante III(Ferdinando III) 4 April 1618MantuaFirst son of Cesare II and Isabella Orsini26 February 1632 – 11 January 1678Duchy of Guastalla Margherita d'Este24 June 1647Guastallatwo children11 January 1678Guastallaaged 59Guastalla annexed to Milan (1678 1693)Ferdinando I7 August 1614Castiglione delle StiviereThird son of Francesco and Bibiana of Pernstein22 February 1636 – 23 April 1675Marquisate of Castiglione(at Castiglione proper) Olimpia Sforza ViscontiDecember 1644three children23 April 1675Castiglione delle Stiviereaged 60 Left no male descendants. The marquisate went to his cousin, the marquis of Solferino. Carlo II2 June 1618VescovatoFirst son of Francesco Giovanni and Camilla Ponzoni31 August 1636 – 19 September 1695Marquisate of Vescovato Unmarried19 September 1695Vescovatoaged 77Children of Francesco Giovanni, ruled jointly. Sigismondo III11 February 1625VescovatoSecond son of Francesco Giovanni and Camilla Ponzoni31 August 1636 – 31 December 1694 Elena Sforza Amigoni1673three children31 December 1694Mantuaaged 69Regency of Maria, Duchess of Montferrat (1637 1647)Grandson of Carlo I. Also Duke of Nevers as Charles III. Carlo II 31 October 1629MantuaSon of Carlo II Gonzaga, Duke of Nevers and Maria, Duchess of Montferrat22 September 1637 – 14 August 1665Duchy of Mantua(in Mantua only until 1660; in Mantua and Montferrat from 1660) Isabella Clara of Austria7 November 1649Mantuaone child14 August 1665Mantuaaged 35
government. Alessandro II 1611NovellaraFirst son of Camillo II and Caterina d'Avalos1640 – 10 September 1644County of Novellara and Bagnolo Caterina Torellic.1495eight children10 September 1644Novellaraaged 32 33 His father abdicated for him, but he died four years later, with no descendants; his father returned to government. Alfonso II 20 April 1616NovellaraSecond son of Camillo II and Caterina d'Avalos8 November 1650 – 25 July 1678County of Novellara and Bagnolo Ricciarda Cybo Malaspina1648four children25 July 1678Novellaraaged 62 Regency of Isabella Clara of Austria (1665 1671) Left no descendants. After his death Mantua and Montferrat fell under Austrian control. Ferdinando Carlo 31 August 1652RevereSon of Carlo II and Isabella Clara of Austria14 August 1665 – 5 July 1708Duchy of Mantua Anna Isabella Gonzaga of GuastallaJuly 1671Mantuano childrenSuzanne Henriette of Lorraine8 November 1704Tortonano children5 July 1708Paduaaged 55Mantua Montferrat annexed to AustriaFederico II 1636LuzzaraFirst son of Luigi I and Elena Gonzaga of Vescovato3 November 1666 – 8 March 1698Marquisate of Luzzara Luigia Ludovica Gonzaga of Castiglione(1653 1715)1667fourteen children8 March 1698Luzzaraaged 61 62Ferdinando II Filippo 1 December 1643First son of Scipione and Maria Mattei12 May 1670 1672Marquisate of Ostiano Maria Mattei(d.1658)1640three children1672aged 28 29Gian Francesco II 20 February 1646San Martino dall'ArgineSecond son of Scipione and Maria Mattei1672 24 April 1703Marquisate of Ostiano Unmarried24 April 1703San Martino dall'Argineaged 57Ostiano annexed to Mantua (1703 1708) and then to GuastallaCarlo 3 May 1616Castiglione delle StiviereFirst son of Cristierno and Marcella Malaspina of GragnolaSeptember 1630 – 23 April 167523 April 1675 21 May 1680Marquisate of Castiglione(at Solferino until 1675; in all Castiglione from 1675) Isabella Martinengo1643eight children21 May 1680Solferinoaged 64From 23 April 1675, reunited once more the marquisates of Solferino and Castiglione. Camillo III 23 August 1649NovellaraFirst son of Alfonso II and Ricciarda Cybo Malaspina25 July 1678 – 16 August 1727County of Novellara and Bagnolo Matilde d'Estec.1495eight children16 August 1727Novellaraaged 77 Ferdinando II 28 August 1648SolferinoFirst son of Carlo and Isabella Martinengo21 May 1680 – 21 January 1707Marquisate of Castiglione Laura Pico della Mirandola28 February 1680four children11 February 1723Veniceaged 74In 1707, after an attack in Castiglione, he escaped to Venice alongside Ferdinando Carlo Gonzaga of Mantua. Castiglione annexed to AustriaVincenzo 18 May 1634GuastallaSon of Andrea Gonzaga of San Paolo and Laura Crispiano1693 – 28 April 1714Duchy of Guastalla Teodora Porzia Guidi di Bagno(? 1672)c.1670?no childrenMaria Vittoria Gonzaga of Guastalla1679five children28 April 1714Guastallaaged 79 Grandson of Ferrante II, married Maria Vittoria, daughter of Ferrante III. Francesco Gaetano1673VescovatoFirst son of Sigismondo III and Elena Sforza Amigoni19 September 1695 – 24 July 1735Marquisate of Vescovato Anna Goldoni Vidoni(1677 1730)1696one child24 July 1735Vescovatoaged 61 62 Luigi II19 September 1679LuzzaraSecond son of Federico II and Caterina Pico della Mirandola8 March 1698 – 12 June 1738Marquisate of Luzzara Charlotte de Choiseul(1679 1734)1703?seven children12 June 1738Luzzaraaged 58Antonio Ferrante(Antonio Ferdinando) 9 December 1687GuastallaFirst son of Vincenzo and Maria Vittoria Gonzaga of Guastalla28 April 1714 – 16 April 1729Duchy of Guastalla Margherita Cesarini(1695 1725)c.1720?no childrenTheodora of Hesse Darmstadt29 July 1727Darmstadtno children16 April 1729Guastallaaged 41Filippo Alfonso 3/4 December 1700NovellaraSon of Camillo III and Matilde d'Este16 August 1727 – 13 December 1728County of Novellara and Bagnolo Eleonora Tanarano children13 December 1728Massaaged 28 Left no descendants. The county passed to his sister. Riccarda 22 February 1698NovellaraSecond daughter of Camillo III and Matilde d'Este13 December 1728 – 12 October 1737County of Novellara and Bagnolo Alderano I Cybo Malaspina29 April 1715Milanthree children24 November 1768Massaaged 70 Sister of Filippo Alfonso, ruled the county after the extinction of the male line. In 1737, after the War of the Polish Succession, Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor passed the county to Rinaldo d'Este. Novellara annexed to ModenaGiuseppe Maria 20 April 1690GuastallaSecond son of Vincenzo and Maria Vittoria Gonzaga of Guastalla16 April 1729 – 15 August 1746Duchy of Guastalla Eleanor of Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg Wiesenburg29 March 1731Lilienfeldno children15 August 1746Paduaaged 56 From 1739 until his death, his mental illness caused his wife to assume the reins of the duchy. Left no descendants. Regency of Eleanor of Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg Wiesenburg (1739 1746)Guastalla annexed to ParmaSigismondo IV1702VescovatoOnly son of Francesco Gaetano and Anna Goldoni Vidoni24 July 1735 – 1779Marquisate of Vescovato Carlotta Barisoni(1700 1738)1724four children1779Veniceaged 76 77 Left no surviving male offspring. After his death the marquisate was inherited by a distant cousin. Basilio26 September 1711LuzzaraThird son of Luigi II and Charlotte de Choiseul12 June 1738 – 29 May 1782Marquisate of Luzzara Maria Borromeo(d.1761)c.1735?seven children29 May 1782Luzzaraaged 70 None of the children survived him. He was succeeded by his brother. Francesco Niccolò26 December 1731VescovatoFirst son of Francesco Ferrante Gonzaga of Vescovato and Giulia Isolani1779 – 4 September 1783Marquisate of Vescovato Olimpia Scotti1756five children4 September 1783Mantuaaged 72 Great great grandson of Giordano, brother of Carlo I. Giovanni4 July 1721LuzzaraFifth son of Luigi II and Charlotte de Choiseul29 May 1782 – 3 April 1794Marquisate of Luzzara Teresa Anguissola(1745 1819)1716two children3 April 1794Mantuaaged 72 Left no male descendants. After his death Luzzara was annexed to Savoy. Luzzara annexed to SavoyFrancesco Luigi21 October 1763VescovatoFirst son of Francesco Niccolò and Olimpia Scotti4 September 1783 – 1796Marquisate of Vescovato Giulia Cavriani(1767 1846)1716two children17 December 1832Veniceaged 69 In 1796 he was dispossessed of the marquisate, but retained the title. Vescovato occupied by France

The branches of the Gonzaga family, showing marquises and (subsequently) dukes of Mantua in bold, dukes of Nevers and Rethel in italics and the Guastalla line to the right.