Өткен шақ: грамматикалық түсініктер мен түрлері

Grammatical tense denoting a past event
the grammatical term
The preterite or preterit ('/p//ɹ//ɛ//t//əɹ//ɪ//t/ PRETərit; abbreviated or ) is a grammatical tense or verb form serving to denote events that took place or were completed in the past; in some languages, such as Spanish, French, and English, it is equivalent to the simple past tense. In general, it combines the perfective aspect (event viewed as a single whole; it is not to be confused with the similarly named perfect) with the past tense and may thus also be termed the perfective past. In grammars of particular languages the preterite is sometimes called the past historic, or (particularly in the Greek grammatical tradition) the aorist. When the term "preterite" is used in relation to specific languages, it may not correspond precisely to this definition. In English it can be used to refer to the simple past verb form, which sometimes (but not always) expresses perfective aspect. The case of German is similar: the Präteritum is the simple (non compound) past tense, which does not always imply perfective aspect, and is anyway often replaced by the Perfekt (compound past) even in perfective past meanings. Preterite may be denoted by the glossing abbreviation or The word derives from the Latin praeteritum (the perfective participle of praetereo), meaning "passed by" or "past."

In Germanic languages, the term "preterite" is sometimes used for the past tense.

The preterite was a common Semitic form, well attested in the Akkadian language, where the preterite almost always referred to the past and was often interchangeable with the perfect. In the course of time the preterite fell into disuse in all West Semitic languages, leaving traces such as the "imperfect with waw consecutive" in Hebrew and "imperfect with lam" in Arabic.