Dactylorhiza туқымдасы: Сипаттамасы мен түрлері

Genus of flowering plants in the orchid family Orchidaceae
Automatic taxobox
| image = Dactylorhiza fuchsii Mariazell 01. JPG
| image caption = Common spotted orchid (Dactylorhiza fuchsii)
| display parents = 3
| taxon = Dactylorhiza
| authority = Neck. ex Nevski, 1937
| synonyms ref = Dactylorhiza were previously classified under Orchis, which has two round tubers.

They are hardy tuberous geophytes. In a thickened underground stem, they can store a large amount of water to survive arid conditions. The tuber is flattened and finger like. The long leaves are lanceolate and, in most species, also speckled. They grow along a rather long stem which reaches a height of Leaves higher on the stem are shorter than leaves lower on the stem. The inflorescence, compared to the length of the plant, is rather short. It consists of a compact raceme with 25 50 flowers. These develop from axillary buds. The dominant colors are white and all shades of pink to red, sprinkled with darker speckles.

The name Dactylorhiza is derived from Greek words δάκτυλος daktylos 'finger' and ῥίζα rhiza 'root', referring to the palmately two to five lobed tubers of this genus.

Note : nothosubspecies = a hybrid subspecies; nothovarietas = subvariety. Dactylorhiza × abantiana (D. iberica × D. nieschalkiorum) (Turkey). Dactylorhiza × aldenii (D. iberica × D. kalopissii) (Greece). Dactylorhiza × altobracensis (D. maculata × D. sambucina) (France, Austria). Dactylorhiza × aschersoniana (D. incarnata × D. majalis) (W. & C. Europe). Dactylorhiza × aschersoniana nothosubsp. aschersoniana (W. & C. Europe). Dactylorhiza × aschersoniana nothosubsp. templinensis (D. incarnata subsp. ochroleuca × D. majalis) (C. Europe). Dactylorhiza × aschersoniana nothovar. uliginosa (D. incarnata subsp. pulchella × D. majalis) (C. Europe). Dactylorhiza × baicalica (D. incarnata subsp. cruenta × D. salina) (Siberia). Dactylorhiza × balabaniana (D. iberica × D. urvilleana) (Turkey). Dactylorhiza × bayburtiana (D. euxina × D. umbrosa) (Turkey). Dactylorhiza × beckeriana (C. Europe). Dactylorhiza × boluiana (D. nieschalkiorum × D. saccifera) (Turkey). Dactylorhiza × bourdonii (D. brennensis × D. incarnata) (France). Dactylorhiza × braunii (D. fuchsii × D. majalis) (Europe). Dactylorhiza × braunii nothosubsp. braunii (Europe). Dactylorhiza × braunii nothosubsp. lilacina (D fuchsii × D. majalis subsp. turfosa) (EC. Europe). Dactylorhiza × braunii nothosubsp. monticola (D. fuchsii subsp. psychrophila × D. majalis) (Europe). Dactylorhiza × braunii nothosubsp. smitakii (D. fuchsii subsp. sooana × D. majalis) (EC. Europe). te
Dactylorhiza × breviceras (D. osmanica × D. urvilleana) (Turkey). Dactylorhiza × carnea (D. incarnata × D. maculata subsp. ericetorum) (W. Europe). Dactylorhiza × carnea nothosubsp. ampolai (D. incarnata subsp. cruenta × D. maculata) (Europe). Dactylorhiza × carnea nothosubsp. carnea (W. Europe). Dactylorhiza × carnea nothosubsp. maculatiformis. (D. incarnata × D. maculata) (W. Europe). Dactylorhiza × claudiopolitana (D. incarnata × D. schurii) (Europe. Dactylorhiza × conigerum (D. maculata × D. viridis) (W. Europe). Dactylorhiza × csatoi (D. cordigera × D. maculata) (SE. Europe). Dactylorhiza czerniakowskae (C. Asia). Dactylorhiza × daunia (D. romana × D. saccifera) (S. Europe). Dactylorhiza × delamainii (D. elata subsp. sesquipedalis × D. maculata) (SW. Europe). Dactylorhiza × dinglensis (D. maculata subsp. ericetorum × D. majalis subsp. occidentalis) (W. Europe). Dactylorhiza × dinglensis nothosubsp. dinglensis (W. Europe). Dactylorhiza × dinglensis nothosubsp. robertsii (D. maculata subsp. ericetorum × D. majalis subsp. cambrensi) (Great Britain). Dactylorhiza × dinglensis nothosubsp. senayi (D. maculata subsp. elodes × D. majalis) (Europe). Dactylorhiza × dinglensis nothosubsp. townsendiana (D. maculata subsp. ericetorum × D. majalis) (Europe). Dactylorhiza × dinglensis nothosubsp. vermeuleniana (D. maculata × D. majalis) (W. Europe). Dactylorhiza × drucei (D. majalis × D. viridis) (W. Europe)
Dactylorhiza × dubreuilhii (D. elata subsp. sesquipedalis × D. incarnata) (W. Europe). Dactylorhiza × dufftiana (D. majalis × D. traunsteineri) (Europe). Dactylorhiza × dufftii (D. incarnata × D. traunsteineri) (Europe). Dactylorhiza × dufftii nothosubsp. dufftii (Europe). Dactylorhiza × dufftii nothosubsp. gotlandica (D incarnata subsp. ochroleuca × D. traunsteineri) (Europe). Tuber geophyte
Dactylorhiza × dufftii nothosubsp. stenkyrkae (D. incarnata subsp. cruenta × D. traunsteineri) (Europe). Dactylorhiza × erdingeri (D. sambucina × D. viridis) (W. Europe). Dactylorhiza euxina (NE. Turkey to Caucasus). Dactylorhiza euxinavar. euxina (NE. Turkey to Caucasus). Dactylorhiza euxinavar. markowitschii (NE. Turkey to Caucasus). Dactylorhiza × flixensis (D. incarnata subsp. pulchella × D. traunsteineri.) (Switzerland). Dactylorhiza × formosa (D. maculata subsp. ericetorum × D. purpurella) (W. Europe). Dactylorhiza × fourkensis (D. baumanniana × D. sambucina) (Greece). Dactylorhiza × gabretana (D. incarnata × D. maculata × D. sambucina) (Europe). Dactylorhiza × genevensis (D. incarnata × D. latifolia × D. maculata) (Europe). Dactylorhiza × godferyana (D. majalis × D. praetermissa) (W. Europe). Dactylorhiza × grandis (D. fuchsii × D. praetermissa) (W. Europe). Dactylorhiza × guilhotii (D. incarnata × D. viridis) (W. Europe). Dactylorhiza × guillaumeae (D. incarnata × D. sambucina) (W. Europe). Dactylorhiza × gustavssonii (D. iberica × D. saccifera) (Greece to Turkey). Dactylorhiza × hallii (D maculata subsp. ericetorum × D. praetermissa) (W. Europe). Dactylorhiza × hallii nothosubsp. hallii (W. Europe). Dactylorhiza × hallii nothosubsp. nummiana (D. maculata subsp. elodes × D. praetermissa) (W. Europe). Dactylorhiza × hochreutinerana (D. alpestris × D. incarnata) (W. Europe). Dactylorhiza × insignis (D. praetermissa × D. purpurella) (W. Europe). Dactylorhiza × ishorica (D. incarnata × D. longifolia) (European Russia). Dactylorhiza × jenensis (D. maculata subsp. ericetorum × D. traunsteineri) (W. & NC. Europe)
Dactylorhiza × jestrebiensis (D. bohemica × D. majalis) (EC. Europe). Dactylorhiza × juennensis (D. fuchsii × D. lapponica) (C. Europe). Dactylorhiza × katarana (D kalopissii × D. saccifera) (Greece). Dactylorhiza × kelleriana (D. fuchsii × D. traunsteineri) (Europe). Dactylorhiza × kerasovinensis (D. pindica × D. saccifera) (Greece). Dactylorhiza × kerneriorum (D. fuchsii × D. incarnata) (Europe). Dactylorhiza × kerneriorum nothosubsp. kerneriorum (Europe). Dactylorhiza × kerneriorum nothosubsp. lillsundica (D. fuchsii × D. incarnata subsp. ochroleuca) (N. & W. Europe). Dactylorhiza × kerneriorum nothosubsp. variablis (D. fuchsii subsp. hebridensis × D. incarnata) (W. Europe). *Dactylorhiza × komiensis (D. hebridensis × D. maculata) (E. Europe). Dactylorhiza × kopdagiana (D. iberica × D. umbrosa) (Turkey). Dactylorhiza × koutsourana (D. baumanniana × D. smolikana) (Greece). Dactylorhiza × kuuskiae (D. longifolia × D. traunsteineri) (E. Europe). Dactylorhiza × latirella (D. incarnata × D. purpurella) (W. Europe). Dactylorhiza × lehmannii (D. incarnata × D. russowii) (Europe). Dactylorhiza × megapolitana (D. fuchsii × D. russowii) (C. Europe). Dactylorhiza × metsowonensis (D. kalopissii × D. sambucina) (Greece). Dactylorhiza × mixtum (D. fuchsii × D. viridis) (W. Europe). Dactylorhiza × mulignensis (D. incarnata subsp. pulchella × D. majalis) (C. Europe). Dactylorhiza × nevskii (D. osmanica × D. umbrosa) (Turkey). Dactylorhiza × ornonensis (D. elata subsp. sesquipedalis × D. incarnata × D. maculata) (W. Europe). Dactylorhiza × paridaeniana (D. elata subsp. sesquipedalis × D. praetermissa) (W. Europe). Dactylorhiza × pontica (D. urvilleana × D. viridis) (Turkey)
Dactylorhiza × prochazkana (D. bohemica × D. maculata) (EC. Europe). Dactylorhiza × renzii (D. incarnata × D. nieschalkiorum) (Turkey). Dactylorhiza × rizeana (D. euxina × D. urvilleana) (Turkey). Dactylorhiza × rombucina (D. romana × D. sambucina) (C. Europe). Dactylorhiza × ruppertii (D. majalis × D. sambucina) (Europe). Dactylorhiza × salictina (D. pindica × D. smolikana) (Greece). Dactylorhiza × serbica (D. incarnata × D. saccifera) (Europe). Dactylorhiza × serreana (D. graeca × D. lagotis) (Greece). Dactylorhiza × sivasiana (D. umbrosa × D. urvilleana) (Turkey). Dactylorhiza × sooi (D. alpestris × D. fuchsii.) (Europe). Dactylorhiza × souflikensis (D. baumanniana × D. pindica) (Greece). Dactylorhiza × stagni novi (D. brennensis × D. fuchsii) (Europe). Dactylorhiza × szaboiana (D. cordigera × D. sudetica) (SE. Europe). Dactylorhiza × transiens (D. fuchsii × D. maculata subsp. ericetorum) (Europe)
Dactylorhiza × transiens nothosubsp. corylensis (D. fuchsii subsp. hebridensis × D. maculata)
Dactylorhiza × transienssubsp. ericetorum (Europe). Tuber geophyte
Dactylorhiza × transiens nothosubsp. transiens (Europe). Tuber geophyte
Dactylorhiza × turcestanicum (D. umbrosa × D. viridis) (C. Asia). Dactylorhiza × vallis peenae (D. majalis × D. russowii) (C. Europe). Dactylorhiza × venusta (D. fuchsii × D. purpurella) (Europe). Dactylorhiza × venusta nothosubsp. hebridella (D. fuchsii subsp. hebridensis × D. purpurella) (Great Britain). Dactylorhiza × venusta nothosubsp. venusta (Europe)
Dactylorhiza × viridella (D. purpurella × D. viridis) (W. Europe). Dactylorhiza × vitosana (D. saccifera × D. sambucina) (SE. Europe). Dactylorhiza × vogtiana (D. iberica × D. incarnata) (Turkey). Dactylorhiza × vorasica (D. cordigera × D. sambucina) (Greece). Dactylorhiza × weissenbachiana (D. incarnata × D. lapponica) (C. Europe). Dactylorhiza × wiefelspuetziana (D. maculata × D. sphagnicola) (W. Europe). This list follows the World checklist of monocotyledons, periodically amended from the "Orchid Research Newsletter".

These terrestrial orchids grow in basic soils in wet meadows, bogs, heathland and in areas sparsely populated by trees. They are distributed throughout the subarctic and temperate northern hemisphere. It is found across much of Europe, North Africa and Asia from Portugal and Iceland to Taiwan and Kamchatka, including Russia, Japan, China, Central Asia, the Middle East, Ukraine, Scandinavia, Germany, Poland, Italy, France, the United Kingdom, etc. Inclusion of the widespread frog orchid, often called Coeloglossum viride, into Dactylorhiza as per some recent classifications, expands the genus distribution to include Canada and much of the United States.