Колима: Тарихы, қазіргі жағдайы және аумақтық ерекшеліктері

Colima (koˈlima), located in central−western Mexico, is the capital of the state of the same name and the seat of the municipality of the same name. It is located near the Colima volcano, which divides the state from Jalisco. Colima is the state's second largest municipality by population after Manzanillo. In 2011, FDI Intelligence, a subsidiary of the Financial Times of London, ranked Colima first in small cities and tenth in Latin America as a place to live. It was evaluated under six categories: economic potential, human resources, cost benefit ratio, quality of life, infrastructure and favorable business environment. In 2022, however, Colima was ranked as the murder capital of the world with a homicide rate of 182 per 100,000.

Municipal presidentTermPolitical partyMelesio Espinoza Larios1949 1951PRI Rodolfo Chávez Carrillo1952 1954PRI Ricardo Guzmán Nava1955PRI J. Roberto Levy Rendón1956PRI Jorge Morales Pico1956 1958PRI Antonio Ramos Salido1959 1961PRI Abel López Llerenas1962 1964PRI Alfonso Rosales Santana1964PRI Octavio Urzúa Quiroz1965 1967PRI Leonel Ramírez García1968 1970PRI José Juárez Martínez1970PRI Arturo Noriega Pizano1971 1973PRI Arnoldo Vogel Carrillo1973PRI Eduardo M. Herrera García1974 1977PRI Roberto Pizano Saucedo1978 1980PRI Carlos Salazar Preciado1980 1983PRI Carlos Vázquez Oldenbourg1983 1985PRI José Luis Santana Rodríguez1986 1988PRI Agustín Martel1988PRI Carlos de la Madrid Virgen1989 1991PRI Jaime Morales Fernández1991PRI Jesús Orozco Alfaro1992 1994PRI Oscar Luis Verduzco1994PRI Héctor Arturo Velasco Villa1995 1997PRI Carlos Vázquez Oldenbourg1998PRD Enrique Michel Ruiz2000 2003PAN Leoncio Alfonso Moran Sánchez2003 2006PAN Mario Anguiano Moreno2006 2009PRI José Ignacio Peralta Sánchez2009 2012PRI PNA Federico Rangel Lozano2012 2015PRI PNA Héctor Insúa García2015 2018PAN Leoncio Alfonso Morán Sánchez2019 2021MC Elia Margarita Moreno González 2021 2024PAN PRI PRD Coalition "It Goes for Colima"

Most of the traditional foods of the region of Colima are based out of corn, local fruits, pork and seafood found on the coasts near the region. Some of the most popular and representative dishes of Colima include: "Sopitos" Small deep fried tortillas topped with ground beef, shredded cabbage, onion, and cheese bathed in the juices where the meat has been cooked; "Sopes Gordos" which are medium size, thick tortillas that are slightly pan fried, topped with refried beans and a variety meats which can include pork tenderloin, pork ribs, pork rinds or shredded chicken; "Tostadas" are larger tortillas that are thinned, deep fried and then topped with the same variety of meats as the "Sopes Gordos"; these two last dishes will also include shredded cabbage, onions, fresh tomatoes, a thin meat sauce, and shredded cheese as a garnishing. A local variety of "Pozole" is also extremely popular as a lunch or dinner meal. Pozole in Colima is made with a variety of pork meats and is typically served dry (no broth), although you can easily also find the variety that will include broth. Some other popular dishes include "Tatemado" pork meat marinated in coconut vinegar and cooked with a thick, mild and very flavorful chilly sauce. "Pepena" Cooked entrails from either cow or pork. "Coachala" Ground corn, cooked with shredded chicken. The local varieties of "Tamales" such as "Pata de Mula", which literally translates to mule's feet filled with spicy beans and covered in corn leaves or "tamales de elote" Filled with sweet, tender corn; "Ceniza" Similar to Pata de Mula, but less spicy, larger and less dry. The neighboring town of Comala characterizes itself for its wide variety of milk products and local varieties of fresh or dry cheeses, as well as for the production of sweet breads and pastries. Colima is also known for its wide variety of fresh seafood restaurants. Some of the traditional seafood dishes include "Ceviche" Ground raw fish cooked in a marinade of lime juice, garnished with shredded carrots, chopped cilantro, onions, tomatoes, jalapeño peppers and served on top of a deep fried tortilla. "Pescado a la talla" A whole fish (typically red snapper) cut open and covered with a variety of chopped vegetables, and cooked wrapped in a banana leaf and grilled on top of hot coals. There are three drinks that are very characteristics of the region: "Tejuino" Thick, refreshing drink prepared with corn masa and molasses and it is served with a lot of ice, salt and lime. "Tuba" A drink brought from the Philippines, is the sap from the coconut tree, which is traditionally extracted making cuts at the top of the palm tree right at the base where the coconuts grow, and it is usually topped with peanuts, almonds or freshly chopped fruits. "Bate" This drink is made with chia seeds and it is served with molasses. "Ponche de Comala" This is the only alcoholic drink that it is traditionally made in the region, and it is produced in the neighboring town of Comala; You can find different varieties of Ponche which can be water based or milk based. Water based Ponche include pomegranate, prune, guayabilla, and the milk variety include flavors such as coffee, almonds, among others. To prepare Ponche, locally produced mezcal is used, which is locally known as "Tuxca". The region is also known for its interesting variety of sweets based out of coconut which are known as "Cocadas" or "Alfajores". Sweets made out of tamarind, pineapple or guava as well as dehydrated plantain are also very popular.