Британ әскери шенеунігінің тарихы

Former senior British military officer

The Master General of the Ordnance (MGO) was a very senior British military position from 1415 to 2013 (except 1855–1895 and 1939–1958) with some changes to the name, usually held by a serving general. The Master General of the Ordnance was responsible for all British artillery, engineers, fortifications, military supplies, transport, field hospitals and much else, and was not subordinate to the commander in chief of the British military. In March 2013 the holder was titled as "Director Land Capability and Transformation", but still sat on the Army Board as Master General of the Ordnance; in September 2013 the post was eliminated.

The Office of Armoury split away from the Privy Wardrobe of the Tower (of London) in the early 15th century. The Master of the Ordnance came into being in 1415 with the appointment of Nicholas Merbury by Henry V. The Office of Ordnance was created by Henry VIII in 1544 and became the Board of Ordnance in 1597. Its head was the Master General of the Ordnance; his subordinates included the Lieutenant General of the Ordnance and the Surveyor General of the Ordnance. Before the establishment of a standing army or navy, the Ordnance Office was the only permanent military department in England. In 1764 it established the British standard ordnance weights and measurements for the artillery, one of the earliest standards in the world. The position of Master General was frequently a cabinet level one, especially in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, when it was normally a political appointment. In 1855 the post was discontinued and certain of the ceremonial aspects of the post were subsequently vested in the Commander in Chief of the Forces. In 1904, the post was re established, and until 1938 the Master General of the Ordnance was the Fourth Military Member of the Army Board. In 1913, the control of military aviation was separated from the responsibilities of the Master General of the Ordnance. A new Department of Military Aeronautics was established and Brigadier General Henderson was appointed the first director. In March 2013, the holder was titled as "Director Land Capability and Transformation" but still sat on the army board as Master General of the Ordnance. In September 2013, the post was abolished.