Колгейт-Палмолив: Американдық көпұлттық тұтыну тауарлары компаниясы

American multinational consumer products company

Colgate Palmolive Company is an American multinational consumer products company headquartered on Park Avenue in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. The company specializes in the production, distribution, and provision of household, health care, personal care, and veterinary products.

William Colgate, an English immigrant to America and devout Baptist, established a starch, soap, and candle factory on Dutch Street in New York City under the name William Colgate & Company in 1806. In 1833, he suffered a severe heart attack, stopping his business's sales; after a convalescence he continued with his business. In the 1840s, the company began selling individual cakes of soap in uniform weights. In 1857, Colgate died and the company was reorganized as Colgate & Company under the management of his similarly devout Baptist son Samuel Colgate, who did not want to continue the business but thought it would be the right thing to do. In 1872, he introduced Cashmere Bouquet, a perfumed soap. In 1873, the company introduced its first Colgate Toothpaste, an aromatic toothpaste sold in jars. In 1896, the company sold the first toothpaste in a tube, named Colgate Ribbon Dental Cream (invented by dentist Washington Sheffield). Also in 1896, Colgate hired Martin Ittner and under his direction founded one of the first applied research labs. By 1908, they initiated mass sales of toothpaste in tubes. Another of William Colgate's sons, James Boorman Colgate, was a primary trustee of Colgate University (formerly Madison University). In Milwaukee, Wisconsin, the B. J. Johnson Company was making a soap from palm oil and olive oil, the formula of which was developed by Burdett J. Johnson in 1898. The soap was popular enough to rename their company after it in 1917—Palmolive. Around the start of the 20th century, Palmolive was the world's best selling soap. In June 1928, rumors started that "officials of the Palmolive Peet Co. are negotiating to purchase the Colgate Co." privately held by the Colgate family. (Peet Brothers Soap Company of Kansas City merged into Palmolive two years before the Colgate Palmolive merger) The merger combined the three oldest and largest soap and perfumery companies in the US and was effective July 1, 1928. The combined company was named the "Colgate Palmolive Peet Company". The combined pre merger sales in 1927 of the three companies exceeded $100,000,000 (100000000.0 in 1928 is equivalent to about <calculated amount> in recent years). The newly combined company had seven US manufacturing facilities as well as factories in 14 foreign countries. In 1953, the companies became a joint venture, known as the Colgate Palmolive Company. In the beginning of TV, Colgate Palmolive wished to compete with P&G as a sponsor of soap operas and sponsored many soaps in full or in part including The Doctors on NBC & ABC's One Life To Live from the shows debut in July 1968 until ABC bought of One Life To Live from its creator Agnes Nixon in December 1974. However, The Doctors was sponsored by Colgate Palmolive for its entire run from April 1963 until its cancellation in December 1982. After The Doctors cancellation Colgate Palmolive never sponsored another show. P&G continued sponsoring several soap operas on all three networks until its last show As the World Turns was canceled in September 2010. George Henry Lesch, president, CEO, and chairman of the board of Colgate Palmolive in the 1960s and 1970s, transformed the firm into a modern company with major restructuring.

In 2005, Colgate sold the under performing brands Fab, Dynamo, Arctic Power, ABC, Cold Power and Fresh Start, as well as the license of the Ajax brand for laundry detergents in the US, Canada and Puerto Rico, to Phoenix Brands, LLC as part of its plan to focus on its higher margin oral, personal, and pet care products. In 2006, Colgate Palmolive announced the intended acquisition of Tom's of Maine, a leading maker of natural toothpaste, for US$100 million. Tom's of Maine was founded by Tom Chappell in 1970. In 2020, Colgate Palmolive acquired Hello Products LLC, one of the fastest growing premium oral care brands in the United States, for an undisclosed amount. Today, Colgate has numerous subsidiary organizations spanning 200 countries, but it is publicly listed in three: the United States, India, and Pakistan. On October 25, 2012, the company announced it would cut 2,310 workers, or 6% of its workforce, by the end of 2016 in a push to make the consumer products company more efficient. The company ranked 184th on the 2018 Fortune 500 list of the largest United States corporations by revenue. In 2021, the company ranked 15th on the list of Most Trusted Brands by Morning Consult.

In 1890, Madison University in New York State was renamed Colgate University in honor of the Colgate family following decades of financial support and involvement. The Colgate Palmolive Company has sponsored a non profit track meet open to women of all ages called the Colgate Women's Games. The Colgate Women's Games is the nation's largest amateur track series open to all girls from elementary school through college. Held at Brooklyn's Pratt Institute, competitors participate in preliminary meets and semi finals over five weekends throughout January. Finalists compete for trophies and educational grants in aid from Colgate Palmolive Company at New York City's Madison Square Garden in February. For more than 20 years, the company supports the Starlight Children Foundation which is a non profit organization dedicated to help seriously ill children and their families. The mission is to help children to cope with pain, fear and isolation through entertainment, family activities and education. In addition the Colgate site has all kinds of resources for children including educational tooth brushing songs and animated videos focused on their well known former animated mascot Dr. Rabbit.

As of January 2024, Ethical Consumer website states that "Our research highlights several ethical issues with Colgate Palmolive, including its approach to palm oil, supply chain management, climate change, excessive pay, tax, human rights, and animal testing. It scored our worst rating across all of these categories." In 2011, Colgate Palmolive was one of the first companies recognized by PETA (People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals) under the new "working for regulatory change" category for companies that test on animals only when mandated by government regulations and are actively seeking alternatives to animal testing. This relates to the corporation's decision to continue to participate in the profitable Chinese market, where some animal testing is still a regulatory requirement. Other companies have chosen to decline entry to this market. In 2006, Colgate Palmolive acquired an 84% stake in Tom's of Maine. In 2011, the company chose to retain the use of the antibacterial agent triclosan in its market leading Total toothpaste range, despite withdrawing it from several other product ranges, following concerns about triclosan's impact on health and the environment.

The website Ethical Consumer gave Colgate Palmolive the worst possible rating for climate change, plastic use, and palm oil/deforestation. It received their best rating for avoiding toxic chemicals in its products. Sustainability Beat stated in August 2023 that this puts their profits in jeopardy and risks greenwashing. A 2021 report by Global Witness, updated in 2022, stated that Colgate Palmolive had used palm oil suppliers connected to bribery, brutalisation of villagers and child labour in Papua New Guinea. In 2021, the Rainforest Action Network (RAN) gave Colgate Palmolive a score of "F" on their "scorecard" keeping track of deforestation and human rights abuses. In August 2021, Colgate Palmolive publicly disclosed the "forest impact of its palm oil supply chain in the Indonesian province of North Sumatra", showing the impact on the rainforests and the indigenous people who live there. In November 2023, Colgate Palmolive received a "D " on their RAN scorecard. In 2019, BreakFreeFromPlastic cited Colgate Palmolive as one of the world's top ten plastic polluters. Previously, Colgate Palmolive had committed to 100% recyclability of plastics in packaging across all its product categories by 2025 but made no commitment to reducing the use of virgin plastic in packaging. Some Colgate Palmolive products, specifically the Total brand toothpaste, used to contain triclosan but no longer do. As a successor to the Mennen Company, Colgate Palmolive is one of about 300 companies held potentially responsible for hazardous waste at the Chemsol federal Superfund site in Piscataway, New Jersey. Their involvement in this site may have contributed to the contamination of an estimated of soil with volatile organic compounds (VOCs), PCBs, and lead off site. A proposed $23 million agreement with the government and state of New Jersey would require Colgate Palmolive and the other involved companies to pay for the cleanup of this hazardous waste that is contaminating the soil as well as the groundwater. Colgate Palmolive received the 2012 Safe in Sound Excellence in Hearing Loss Prevention Award.

In the U. S., the company operates approximately 60 properties, of which 14 are owned. Major U. S. manufacturing and warehousing facilities used by the oral, personal and home care segment of Colgate Palmolive were located in Morristown, New Jersey (previously the headquarters of the Mennen company prior to their 1991 buyout, and still HQ of the Mennen division) until 2014, when the plant shut down and moved operations to Hodges, South Carolina ; Morristown, Tennessee; and Cambridge, Ohio. The pet nutrition segment has major facilities in Bowling Green, Kentucky; Emporia, Kansas; Topeka, Kansas; and Richmond, Indiana. The primary research center for oral, personal and home care products is located in Piscataway, New Jersey and the primary research center for pet nutrition products is located in Topeka, Kansas. Overseas, the company operates approximately 280 properties of which 80 are owned in over 70 countries. Colgate Palmolive's chief manufacturing plant is located in Burlington Township, New Jersey, producing all of the fragrance and flavor oils for the company's facilities around the world.

The iconic hand on the Palmolive dishwashing soap label belongs to hand model Elizabeth Barbour. The image is an illustration of a photograph taken in 1985 when the Colgate Palmolive Company updated the image, hiring Barbour, then with the Ford Agency in New York City.