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Twenty four Chinese official historical books

The Twenty Four Histories , also known as the Orthodox Histories , are the Chinese official dynastic histories covering from the earliest dynasty in 3000 BC to the Ming dynasty in the 17th century. The Han dynasty official Sima Qian established many of the conventions of the genre, but the form was not fixed until much later. Starting with the Tang dynasty, each dynasty established an official office to write the history of its predecessor using official court records, partly in order to establish its own link to the earliest times. As fixed and edited in the Qing dynasty, the whole set contains 3,213 volumes and about 40 million words. It is considered one of the most important sources on Chinese history and culture. The title "Twenty Four Histories" dates from 1775, which was the 40th year in the reign of the Qianlong Emperor. This was when the last volume, the History of Ming, was reworked and a complete set of the histories was produced.

TitleCorresponding dynastyMain authorYear of compilationNotesRecords of the Grand Historian史記The period from the Yellow Emperor to the Emperor Wu of HanSima Qian91 BCPart of the Early Four Historiographies (前四史)Book of Han漢書Western HanXin dynastyBan GuAD 82Part of the Early Four Historiographies (前四史)Records of the Three Kingdoms三國志Cao WeiShu HanEastern WuChen ShouAD 289 Part of the Early Four Historiographies (前四史). Greatly expanded by later annotationBook of the Later Han後漢書Eastern HanFan YeAD 445 Part of the Early Four Historiographies (前四史)Book of Song宋書Liu SongShen Yue488 Book of Southern Qi南齊書Southern QiXiao Zixian537 Book of Wei魏書Northern WeiEastern WeiWei Shou554 Book of Liang梁書Liang dynastyYao Silian636 Part of the Eight Historiographies compiled in Tang dynasty (唐初八史)Book of Chen陳書Chen dynastyYao Silian636 Part of the Eight Historiographies compiled in Tang dynasty (唐初八史)Book of Northern Qi北齊書Northern QiLi Baiyao636 Part of the Eight Historiographies compiled in Tang dynasty (唐初八史)Book of Zhou周書Western WeiNorthern ZhouLinghu Defen636 Part of the Eight Historiographies compiled in Tang dynasty (唐初八史)Book of Sui隋書Sui dynastyWei Zheng636 Part of the Eight Historiographies compiled in Tang dynasty (唐初八史)Book of Jin晉書Western JinEastern JinFang Xuanling648 Part of the Eight Historiographies compiled in Tang dynasty (唐初八史)History of the Southern Dynasties南史Liu SongSouthern QiLiang dynastyChen dynastyLi Yanshou659 Part of the Eight Historiographies compiled in Tang dynasty (唐初八史)History of the Northern Dynasties北史Northern WeiEastern WeiWestern WeiNorthern QiNorthern ZhouSui dynastyLi Yanshou659 Part of the Eight Historiographies compiled in Tang dynasty (唐初八史)Old Book of Tang舊唐書Tang dynastyLiu Xu945 Old History of the Five Dynasties舊五代史Later LiangLater TangLater JinLater HanLater ZhouXue Juzheng974 Historical Records of the Five Dynasties五代史記Later LiangLater TangLater JinLater HanLater ZhouOuyang Xiu1053 Also called "New History of the Five Dynasties" (新五代史)New Book of Tang新唐書Tang dynastyOuyang Xiu1060 History of Liao遼史Liao dynastyWestern LiaoToqto'a1343 Part of the Three Historiographies compiled in Yuan dynasty (元末三史)History of Jin金史Jin dynastyToqto'a1345 Part of the Three Historiographies compiled in Yuan dynasty (元末三史)History of Song宋史Northern SongSouthern SongToqto'a1345 Part of the Three Historiographies compiled in Yuan dynasty (元末三史)History of Yuan元史Yuan dynastySong Lian1370 History of Ming明史Ming dynastyZhang Tingyu1739

In 1961, to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the declaration of the Republic of China (ROC), the ROC government in Taiwan published the History of Qing, adding 21 supplementary chapters to the Draft History of Qing and revising many existing chapters to denounce the People's Republic of China (PRC) as an illegitimate, impostor regime. It also removed passages that were derogatory towards the Xinhai Revolution. This edition has not been widely accepted as the official Qing history because it is recognized that it was a rushed job motivated by political objectives. It does not correct most of the errors known to exist in the Draft History of Qing. This project was later abandoned following the rise of the Taiwanese nationalist Pan Green Coalition, which argues that it is not the duty of Taiwan to compile the history of mainland China. In 1961, the PRC also attempted to complete the Qing history, but historians were prevented from doing so against the backdrop of the Cultural Revolution. In 2002, the PRC once again announced that it would complete the History of Qing. The project was approved in 2002, and put under the leadership of historian Dai Yi. Initially planned to be completed in 10 years, the project suffered multiple delays, pushing completion of the first draft to 2016. Chinese Social Sciences Today reported in April 2020 that the project's results were being reviewed.

In China, the Zhonghua Book Company (Zhonghua Shuju) have edited a number of these histories. They have been collated, edited, and punctuated by Chinese specialists. From 1991 to 2003, it was translated from Classical Chinese into modern written vernacular Chinese, by Xu Jialu and other scholars.

One of the Twenty Four Histories is in the process of being fully translated into English: Records of the Grand Historian by William Nienhauser, in nine volumes. In Korean and Vietnamese, only the Records has been translated. Most of the histories have been translated into Japanese.