Бельгияда бір жынысты некелердің заңдастырылуы

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Same sex marriage has been legal in Belgium since 1 June 2003. A bill for the legalization of same sex marriages was passed by the Senate on 28 November 2002, and by the Chamber of Representatives on 30 January 2003. King Albert II granted his assent, and the bill entered into force on 1 June. Belgium was the second country in the world to legalise same sex marriage, after the Netherlands. "Statutory cohabitation", a form of civil union open to any two legally consenting cohabiting persons, has been available since 1 January 2000.

In 1995, a bill was introduced in the Federal Parliament to provide for a legal framework of "cohabitation agreements". It was mostly intended as a response to the lowering marriage rates rather than giving rights to same sex couples. In 1998, the bill was changed to "statutory cohabitation", and finally voted on. The Chamber of Representatives approved it by a 98–10 vote with 32 abstentions and the Senate by a 39–8 vote with 19 abstentions. The Act establishing statutory cohabitation, also known as the Act of 23 November 1998, amended certain provisions of the Belgian Civil Code and the Belgian Judicial Code to give limited rights to registered same sex and opposite sex couples. However, being a couple is not a requirement to make a declaration of statutory cohabitation; relatives can do so too. The law was legally published on 12 January 1999 but would not go into effect until 1 January 2000.

Since 2010, the number of newly established statutory cohabitations has remained relatively constant at around 38,000 new unions per year. In 2019, 40,801 new unions were registered (compared to 44,270 marriages) and 26,301 unions were dissolved (compared to 22,435 divorces). In 2022, same sex couples accounted for about 4% of all unions. in French as mariage homosexuel (maʁjaʒ ɔmosɛksɥɛl), or simply as mariage pour tous (maʁjaʒ puʁ tus), and in German as gleichgeschlechtliche Ehe or simply as Ehe für alle In Walloon, it is commonly known as mariaedje gai
In the late 1990s, gay rights organisations in Belgium lobbied for the legalization of same sex marriage. Belgian civil law did not explicitly require that two people be of opposite gender to be able to marry, as this was considered self evident. Private member's bills in the 1990s by Flemish Block senators to add this as an explicit requirement were never considered.

Originally, Belgium allowed the marriages of foreign same sex couples only if their country of origin also allowed these unions. A circulaire by Minister of Justice Laurette Onkelinx (PS) of 23 January 2004, however, permits any couple to marry in Belgium if at least one of the spouses has lived in the country for a minimum of three months. This was codified into the Code of Private International Law, which took effect on 1 October 2004. The same sex marriage law did not permit adoption by same sex partners, and as birth within a same sex marriage did not imply affiliation, the same sex spouse of the biological parent had no way to become the legal parent. A proposal to permit adoption was approved 77–62 (with 7 abstentions) by the Chamber of Representatives on 1 December 2005, and 34–33 (with 2 abstentions) by the Senate on 20 April 2006. It received royal assent on 18 May and went into force on 30 June 2006. A legal inequality compared to heterosexual couples still existed with regard to children: the husband of the biological mother is automatically legally recognised as the father (by article 135 of the Civil Code), but this was not the case in a same sex union for the wife of the mother. To be recognised as the co mother, she had to complete an adoption procedure. This accounted for the large majority of adoption cases in Belgium. The Di Rupo Government promised to fix this, and in 2014, as the Netherlands had recently passed similar legislation, LGBT organisations pressured the government about their promise. Subsequently, legislators worked to agree on a solution. A bill to this end was approved by the Senate on 3 April 2014 on a 48–2 vote (with one abstention), and by the Chamber of Representatives on 23 April on a 114–10 vote (with one abstention). The bill received royal assent by King Philippe of Belgium on 5 May and went into effect on 1 January 2015. Since this change, female same sex couples are treated equally to heterosexual couples: the co mother married to the mother is automatically recognised as a parent, and an unmarried partner can formally recognise the child at the civil registry. An equivalent solution for male same sex couples has not been agreed upon, due to the controversy surrounding surrogacy.

The 2006 Eurobarometer found that 62% of Belgian respondents thought same sex marriages should be allowed in Europe. A 2008 survey by Delta Lloyd Life found that 76% of Belgians supported same sex marriage and 46% thought that same sex couples could raise children just as well as opposite sex couples. A May 2013 Ipsos poll found that 67% of respondents were in favour of same sex marriage and another 12% supported another form of recognition for same sex couples. According to an Ifop poll conducted that same month, 71% of Belgians supported allowing same sex couples to marry and adopt children. The 2015 Eurobarometer found that 77% of Belgians thought same sex marriage should be allowed throughout Europe, while 20% were opposed. A Pew Research Center poll, conducted between April and August 2017 and published in May 2018, showed that 82% of Belgian people supported same sex marriage, 10% were opposed and 8% did not know or refused to answer. When divided by religion, 88% of religiously unaffiliated people, 83% of non practicing Christians and 66% of church attending Christians supported same sex marriage. Opposition was 9% among 18–34 year olds. The 2019 Eurobarometer found that 82% of Belgians thought same sex marriage should be allowed throughout Europe, while 17% were opposed. The 2023 Eurobarometer found that support was 79%, while 19% were opposed. The survey also showed that 80% of Belgians thought that "there is nothing wrong in a sexual relationship between two persons of the same sex", while 18% disagreed.