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Video game element
a video game design element

In video games, a power up is an object that adds temporary benefits or extra abilities to the player character as a game mechanic. This is in contrast to an item, which may or may not have a permanent benefit that can be used at any time chosen by the player. Although often collected directly through touch, power ups can sometimes only be gained by collecting several related items, such as the floating letters of the word 'EXTEND' in Bubble Bobble. Well known examples of power ups that have entered popular culture include the power pellets from Pac Man (regarded as the first power up) and the Super Mushroom from Super Mario Bros., which ranked first in UGO Networks' Top 11 Video Game Powerups. Items that confer power ups are usually pre placed in the game world, spawned randomly, dropped by beaten enemies or picked up from opened or smashed containers. They can be differentiated from items in other games, such as role playing video games, by the fact that they take effect immediately, feature designs that do not necessarily fit into the game world (often used letters or symbols emblazoned on a design), and are found in specific genres of games. Power ups are mostly found in action oriented games such as maze games, run and guns, shoot 'em ups, first person shooters, and platform games.

The term "power up" is an example of (Japanese pseudo Anglicisms); the sense was coined in Japanese as a compound of "power" ([[wikt:パワー) and "up" ([[wikt:アップ), literally "to up someone's or something's power or abilities". The general meaning of X up in Japanese is "this will increase your X", and this construction is regularly used in areas such as advertising.

[[Image:Supermushroom. png|thumb|The Super Mushroom is an idealized representation of the Amanita muscaria fungus. The power pellet entered popular culture with a joke on video game controversies regarding the influence of video games on children. [[File:Pacman cutscene. png|thumb|left|300px|A cutscene in the original Pac Man game comically exaggerates the effects of the power pellet. In 1985, Super Mario Bros. introduced the Super Mushroom, which has entered popular culture, being described as "the quintessential power up". The development team thought it would be interesting to have Mario grow and shrink by eating a magic mushroom, just like in Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. Other power ups introduced in this game were the Super Stars and Fire Flowers, which gave Mario invincibility and the ability to shoot fireballs at enemies, respectively. Konami's 1985 game Gradius had the first use of a selection bar where the player could select which power up effect to trigger, instead of having a fixed instant effect. In 1986 and the years after, the concept of permanent power ups appeared in the action role playing genre in the form of perks. Sonic the Hedgehog: There are several kinds of defensive power ups in the Sonic franchise. The first game introduced the Shield, which would protect Sonic from being hit one time. This would prevent the player from losing Rings and lives, enclosing Sonic in a spherical barrier. There are several variations of this item as well, including the Thunder/Magnetic, Aqua/Water, and Fire/Flame Shields. These games also feature the Invincibility box which grants temporary invulnerability, and the ability to defeat enemies by simply touching them. Blur: This game also features defensive power ups like shield and repair to prevent your car from getting wrecked. Some power ups can be fired backwards to destroy opponents behind you. Clash of Clans: The Grand Warden's Eternal Tome ability makes all surrounding friendly units with a certain range to be invulnerable to damage from defense towers fordepending on the level3.5, 4, 4.5 or 5 seconds at ability levels 1,2,3 or 4, respectively. Splatoon series: The Armor power up coats the player in one layer of armor and prevents enemy attacks from "splatting" the player. If the player takes enough damage that would otherwise splat them, a layer of armor breaks while the player is restored to full health and given a short period of invulnerability. Unlike most defensive power ups, the player can have multiple layers of armor at once.

Some power ups consist of items which help the player avoid or escape enemies or enemy weapons. This category includes "speed boosts" and other power ups which affect time, which can be temporary, permanent, or cumulative, and "invisibility" power ups which help the player avoid enemies. Rainbow Islands: The shoe power up, which makes the player character move more quickly. R Type: The 'S' icon, which increases the player's speed every time one is collected. Unreal Tournament, Quake I & II: The Invisibility power up, which turns the player into an indistinct wireframe or shadow. Similarly, radiation suits serve to deflect certain types of weapons as well. Crisis Core: Final Fantasy VII: The Dash materia, which allows Zack to move at double speed to help avoid enemy attacks. Jak and Daxter: The Blue Eco, which enables Jak to run faster and jump higher. It is also used to activate the ancient Precursor machinery found throughout the world, opening doors and activating floating platforms. Due to this, Blue Eco can also be considered an Access ability (see section below.) Sonic the Hedgehog: The Power Sneakers/Speed Shoes item in this series temporarily increases the speed, accelerations and jump height of the player character. Super Metroid: The Speed Booster is a permanent power up that gives Samus Aran the ability to run incredibly fast, destroying any enemy in her path. She can also perform a technique with the Speed Booster called the "Shinespark", which allows her to do an invincible charge in 6 possible directions, at the cost of draining health.

In many video games, especially role playing video games, treasure chests contain various items, currency, and sometimes monsters. For certain role playing games, some chests are actually mimics, in which a monster looks like a chest, but will attack the player when they attempt to open it. This is notably seen in the Seiken Densetsu and Dragon Quest series. Treasure chests provide a means for the player to obtain items without paying for them in stores. In some cases, these chests contain items that cannot be purchased at stores. Chests may be locked, requiring a key of some sort. For certain games, keys can only be used once, and the key is destroyed during its use. For other games, having a particular type of key means that the player can open any of the chests with a matching lock. For most games, once a chest has been opened, the contents remain empty, although they may be repopulated with possibly different items during different stages of the game. This is different from perishable containers, such as crates and jars, which tend to reappear if the player exits the area and then returns.