Хайт-Эшбери қауымдық анархистері: «Қазбалар» тобының тарихы

Community anarchist group

The Diggers were a radical community action group of activists and street theatre actors operating from 1966 to 1968, based in the Haight Ashbury neighborhood of San Francisco. Their politics have been categorized as "left wing;" more accurately, they were "community anarchists" who blended a desire for freedom with a consciousness of the community in which they lived. The Diggers' central tenet was to be "authentic," seeking to create a society free from the dictates of money and capitalism. The Diggers were closely associated and shared a number of members with the guerrilla theater group San Francisco Mime Troupe. They were formed out of after hours Mime Troupe discussions between Emmett Grogan, Peter Coyote, Peter Berg, and Billy Landout. The Diggers fostered and inspired later groups like the Yippies.

The Diggers took their name from the original English Diggers (1649–1650) who had promulgated a vision of society free from buying, selling, and private property.

One of the first Digger activities was the publishing of various broadsides, which were printed by sneaking into the local Students for a Democratic Society office and using their Gestetner printer. The leaflets were eventually called The Digger Papers, and soon morphed into small pamphlets with poetry, psychedelic art, and essays. The first issue of The Digger Papers was published in Fall 1965. Peter Berg was one of the regular contributors to the publication. The Digger Papers originated such phrases as "Do your own thing" and "Today is the first day of the rest of your life." They often included statements that mocked the prevailing attitude of the counterculture promoted by less radical figures like the Haight Independent Proprietors (HIP), Timothy Leary, and Richard Alpert. The first paper mocked the acid community, saying "Time to forget because flowers are beautiful and the sun's not yellow, it's chicken!" They rarely included authors' names, though some had pseudonyms like "George Metevsky," a reference to the "Mad Bomber" George Metesky. The 1% Free poster, showing two Chinese Tong assassins under the Chinese character for "revolution," was thought to be demanding a 1% tithe from merchants, but that was not the case. The poster was a challenge, implicitly suggesting that "free" people were the minority, and inciting others to step up.

Writers Chester Anderson and Claude and Helene Hayward the Communications Company distributed daily (and sometimes hourly) broadsides on the streets of the Haight Ashbury district during the early part of 1967 and the Summer of Love. ComCo was a member of the Underground Press Syndicate, a network of countercultural newspapers and magazines. Through the Communications Company, Anderson circulated a number of his own bitter broadside polemics in the Haight, including, in April 1967, "Uncle Tim'$ Children," with its infamous, often quoted line, "Rape is as common as bullshit on Haight Street." Richard Brautigan's poem "All Watched Over by Machines of Loving Grace" was first published, in March 1967, by the Communication Company on an mimeographed broadside with both the title and imprint handwritten. The first run included a picture of a megaphone, and a second printing had an image of people working on a large computer, rotated to run vertically beside the poem, with simple line drawings of animals all over the page. In April of the same year, the Communication Company published it again as the title poem in the collection by the same name. It included 36 typewritten yellow pages measuring , in a print run of 1,500, all of which were given away for free. Brautigan then gave permission to The Diggers to include the poem in the final edition of The Digger Papers, published in August 1968. The Communications Company also published Harry Driggs' pioneering underground comic The Life and Loves of Cleopatra (June 1967), an obscene 28 page narrative inspired by the Elizabeth Taylor film Cleopatra, and which featured artwork that today would be seen as child pornography. The Diggers gave away the comic in their free store at the corner of Cole and Carl in Haight Ashbury. Joan Didion described the role Chester Anderson and ComCo played in Haight Ashbury in her 1967 essay for The Saturday Evening Post, "Slouching Towards Bethlehem."

The Diggers threw free parties with music provided by the Grateful Dead, Janis Joplin, Jefferson Airplane and other bands. They also staged street theater events, such as driving a truck of semi naked belly dancers through the Financial District, inviting brokers to climb on board and forget their work. This was a precursor to the happening "The Death of Hippie," staged in October 1967, in the Haight Ashbury neighborhood. Masked participants carried a coffin with the words "Hippie—Son of Media" on the side. This event was meant to mark the end of the hippie era of Haight Ashbury. The Diggers skillfully used this technique for media relations.

The Diggers opened numerous free stores in Haight Ashbury which offered discarded but usable items, free for the taking or giving. The first free store was in a six car garage on Page Street that they found filled with empty picture frames; they tacked these up outside the building and called it the Free Frame of Reference. In cooperation with All Saints Church and later via the Haight Ashbury Switchboard at 1830 Fell Street, they arranged free "crashpad" housing for homeless youth drawn to the Haight Ashbury area.

The Diggers' division of labor between men and women has been criticized as sexist, with male members primarily forming ideas while female members were tasked with most of the practical work to realize these ideas. For instance, in providing free food, the men socialized and promoted the events, while the women did most of the collecting, cooking and serving. This stratification "typifies prefeminist era radicalism in the sixties." was titled Gone for a Better Deal, but it has never been released in any video format. Haight Ashbury Golden Gate park poet Ashleigh Brilliant, later known for his pot Shots epigrams, released a CD of his songs and parodies about "life in the Haight," including two songs about the Diggers. A fictionalized version of the Diggers was featured in Haleh Roshan's play Free Free Free Free.