10 ғасыр: Әлем тарихындағы өркендеу мен өзгерістер дәуірі

One hundred years, from 901 to 1000

The 10th century was the period from 901 (represented by the Roman numerals CMI) through 1000 (M) in accordance with the Julian calendar, and the last century of the 1st millennium. In China, the Song dynasty was established, with most of China reuniting after the fall of the Tang dynasty and the following Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. The Muslim World experienced a cultural zenith, especially in al Andalus under the Caliphate of Córdoba and in the Samanid Empire under Ismail Samani. The Abbasid Caliphate continued to exist but with reduced central authority. Additionally, there was a cultural flourishing for the Byzantine Empire, which also reconquered some lost territories, and the First Bulgarian Empire, as well as the Holy Roman Empire during the Ottonian Renaissance. The historian Lynn White mentions of the period that "to the modern eye, it is very nearly the darkest of the Dark Ages if it was dark, it was the darkness of the womb". Caesar Baronius famously described it as the Iron Century, because it was ‘iron in its harshness and in its sterility of goodness', while Lorenzo Valla gave it the similar name "Age of Lead and Iron".

c. 950: The beginning of the Medieval Warm Period.

The Christian Nubian kingdom reaches its peak of prosperity and military power (see Early history of Sudan). c. 909: The Fatimid Caliphate arises in Kabylie, Kutama Tribe. c. 948: The Nri Kingdom in what is now Southeastern Nigeria starts. 969: Cairo is founded near Fustat by the Fatimid dynasty. c. 980: Al Azhar University is established in Cairo by the Fatimid dynasty.

c. 950: Formation of the Tu'i Tonga Empire and of the Tuʻi Tonga dynasty in Tonga.

10th century–12th century: Seated Guaryin Bodhisattva, is made during the Liao dynasty. It is now kept at The Nelson Atkins Museum of Art, Kansas City, Missouri. Construction begins on the Brihadeeswarar Temple of India, during the reign of Rajaraja Chola I. The first pound lock is invented by the Chinese engineer Qiao Weiyo, improving the canal lock system. Fire arrows are invented by the Chinese. Earliest known occurrence in Mexico of Lost wax casting. Three of the Four Great Books of Song are published (the last one in 1013), which were enormous Chinese encyclopedias having millions of written Chinese characters each. Hops first mentioned in connection with beer brewing. Zhang Sixun of China uses for the first time liquid mercury (element) instead of water to power the escapement mechanism rotating an armillary sphere, since liquid mercury does not freeze easily like water during winter, and does not rust metal parts.