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Fictional ethnic group created by H. G. Wells
the fictional race

The Eloi are one of the two fictional post human races, along with the Morlocks, in H. G. Wells' 1895 novel The Time Machine.

By the year AD 802,701, humanity has diverged into two separate species: the Eloi and the Morlocks. The Eloi live a banal life of ease on the surface of the Earth while the Morlocks live underground, tending machinery and providing food, clothing, and inventory for the Eloi. The narration suggests that the divergence of species may have been the result of a widening separation between social classes. The Eloi are suggested to be the descendants of a privileged, surface dwelling, upper class, which once dominated the subterranean working class. The Time Traveler, the story's protagonist, surmises that the surface dwelling civilization had reached its zenith and devolved into decadence and indifference. At the same time, the "underworlders", who supported the surface world, grew accustomed to labor and harsh, underground existence, and degenerated into the Morlocks. At some point, the Morlocks, who had continued providing for the helpless Eloi (the Time Traveler guesses this may at first have been out of tradition or intrinsic habit) began feeding on their above ground counterparts and now raise them like cattle to serve as their food supply. The Eloi are described as anatomically smaller than modern humans (standing roughly four feet tall), with shoulder length curly hair, pointed chins, large eyes, small ears, small mouths with bright red thin lips, and sub human intelligence. Their bodies are beautiful in appearance but surprisingly feeble. They do not perform much work, except to feed, play, and mate, and are characterized by apathy; when Weena falls into a river, none of the other Eloi move to help her (she is rescued instead by the Time Traveler). They live on a diet of fruits and vegetables, which may be cultivated for them by the Morlocks. Their language is described as "very sweet and liquid." The Eloi seem to dread only darkness and always sleep in droves within their "palaces". This is later revealed to be because the Morlocks ascend to harvest them when darkness falls. A portion of the book written for the New Review version, later published as a separate short story, reveals that a visit by the Time Traveler to the even more distant future results in his encountering rabbit like hopping herbivores, apparently the descendants of the Eloi. They are described as being plantigrade, with longer hind legs and tailless, being covered with straight greyish hair that "thickened about the head into a Skye terrier's mane", having human like hands (described as fore feet), and having a roundish head with a projecting forehead and forward looking eyes that were obscured by lank hair.

In the 1960 film version of the book, the Eloi are depicted as identical to modern humans but small, blond, and blue eyed. The Morlocks use an air raid siren to put the Eloi into a trance state and lure them into their caves. One of the Eloi is motivated to beat a Morlock to death when it attacks the Time Traveller. In the 2002 movie adaptation of The Time Machine, the Eloi are depicted as identical to modern humans with a hunter gatherer lifestyle and sport primitive style clothing and appear to be an ethnic amalgamation of various indigenous races but maintain the English language as an intellectual exercise.

In Dan Simmons' Ilium novel, "Eloi" is a nickname for the lazy, uneducated, and uncultured descendants of the human race after the post humans have left Earth. The name is a reference to Wells' Eloi. Old style humans and post humans rule in Simmons' novel, with the Eloi being kept in "zoos" in restricted areas on Earth. The Eloi are technically adept but do not understand the technology; they regress and unlearn millennia of culture, thought and reason, until they are satisfied with the pleasure of merely existing.

The 1995 novel The Time Ships by Stephen Baxter is a sequel to The Time Machine, authorized by Wells' estate, published to mark its centennial. The German progressive rock band Eloy, founded in 1969, are named after the race. The Elokoi of Brian Caswell's 1995 novel Deucalion are presumably inspired by the Eloi, but ones without the dark side of the Morlocks. Geoff Ryman's 2005 novel Air contains a fictional ethnic minority called the Eloi, whose struggle for autonomy is quashed by a repressive government. James Alan Gardner uses the terms "Eloi" and "Morlock" in his 1997 novel Expendable to refer to two warring sects of 'glass people'. The name is used as a term of derision in Feed (2002) by M. T. Anderson. In Greg Bear's 1993 novel Moving Mars, "Eloi" are humans who seek to extend their lifespans beyond 1,000 years, through the use of advanced medical nanotechnology and other enhancements. In John Brosnan's 1989–91 far future post disaster trilogy The Sky Lords, the Eloi is a term for a small group of "genetically enhanced humans of indeterminate sex". Political commentator Mark Steyn in his 2011 book After America: Get Ready for Armageddon uses the Eloi as a metaphor for what he believes is a post Western society collapsed under the weight of secular socialist political correctness, self loathing and entitlement. In his non fiction essay In the Beginning Was the Command Line (1999), Neal Stephenson uses Morlocks and Eloi as a metaphor for what he sees as a distinction in contemporary culture: "Eloi learn everything they know from being steeped from birth in electronic media directed and controlled by book reading Morlocks." Eloi feature in Bookworm Adventures 2. An Eloi, under the modified name of Loyim, is an enemy in the sixth book, together with several Morlocks. Stuart Baker, better known as Unknown Hinson, referred to liberals as Eloi and as "Un Americans" who "HAVE FUN forsaking your own race, culture, and heritage". For this and other comments widely deemed as sexist and racist, he was fired from his role as lead voice actor on Squidbillies.