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Elm cultivar

The Wych Elm cultivar Ulmus glabra 'Camperdownii', commonly known as the Camperdown Elm, was discovered about 1835–1840 (often mis stated as '1640') as a young contorted elm (a sport) growing in the forest at Camperdown House, in Dundee, Scotland, by the Earl of Camperdown's head forester, David Taylor. The young tree was lifted and replanted within the gardens of Camperdown House where it remains to this day. The original tree, which grows on its own roots, is less than 3 m tall, with a weeping habit and contorted branch structure. The earl's gardener is said to have produced the first of what are commonly recognised as Camperdown elms by grafting a cutting to the trunk of a wych elm (U. glabra). Henry and Bean record that in early days both 'Camperdownii' and a reportedly similar looking cultivar called 'Serpentina' were marketed as U. montana pendula nova. Koch had listed an U. serpentina in 1872, and an U. montana serpentina was marketed in the late 19th century and early 20th by the Späth nursery in Berlin, and by the Ulrich nursery in Warsaw. In Späth catalogues between 1902 and 1920, 'Serpentina' appears while 'Camperdownii' is absent; by 1930 'Camperdownii' appears but 'Serpentina' is absent. This suggests that 'Serpentina' may have been a continental name for 'Camperdownii', and that Späth dropped the name 'Serpentina' c.1930 in favour of 'Camperdownii'. Elwes and Henry's failure to mention the serpentining branches of 'Camperdownii' may have contributed to the impression of two different trees. In this omission they were followed by Bean (1925; corrected 1981), Krüssmann (1976), and White (2003), the tree was considered a nothomorph of Ulmus × hollandica 'Vegeta' by Green (1964). The tree is sometimes confused with the 'Horizontalis' (Weeping Wych Elm) owing to both being given the epithet 'Pendula'. Its chief diagnostic feature is its contorted branching, what Mitchell (1982) called the "head of furiously twisting branches". The ultimate size and form of 'Camperdownii' depends on such factors as latitude and location, on what part of the parent tree the cuttings come from, on the 'stock' on which it is grafted, and on possible continuing mutation. Specimens may therefore vary in appearance. Grown in lower latitudes like Victoria, Australia, the tree can attain a height and spread of over 13 m.

'Camperdownii' is susceptible to Dutch elm disease, however, there are still many examples to be found in parks and gardens across the British Isles as it often avoids detection by the Scolytae beetle (a major vector of Dutch elm disease) because of its diminutive height. In North America it often escapes infection possibly because the American vectors of the disease do not feed on wych elm, however, its leaves are heavily damaged there by the elm leaf beetle Xanthogaleruca luteola, elm yellows , and disfigured by leaf mining and leaf rolling insects, such as the elm casebearer, Coleophora ulmifoliella .

Every 'Camperdownii' is descended (through cuttings) from the original sport and usually grafted on a wych elm trunk. Other grafting stock has been used, including Dutch elm U. × hollandica, Siberian elm U. pumila, and English elm U. minor 'Atinia' (although this ultimately produces suckers). Camperdown elms satisfied a mid Victorian passion for curiosities in the 'Gardenesque' gardens then in vogue. Many examples were planted, as 'rarities', in Britain and America. There are many on university campuses, often planted as memorials, such as at the campus of the University of Idaho. Others featured in townscapes such as at the Lakeview Cemetery, Seattle, and Kripalu Yoga Center, Stockbridge, MA. The tree was also introduced to Australia, where a number still survive, notably in Victoria, where it was marketed from 1873. Camperdown Elm is cold hardy, suffering more from summer drought than winter cold (to zone 4), although 90% of the University of Minnesota elm trials specimens were lost during the exceptionally severe winter of 2002–2003.

Arnold Arboretum, US. Acc. no. 352–51. Bartlett Tree Experts , US. Acc. nos. 1375, 2002–221. Brooklyn Botanic Garden , New York, US. Acc. no. 240001. Chicago Botanic Garden, Glencoe, Illinois, US. One tree, in the Parking Lots, listed as U. × vegeta 'Camperdownii'. Dominion Arboretum, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. No acc. details available. Detroit Institute of Art, Detroit, Michigan, US. 2 Specimens frame the entranceway. Eisenhower Park, Newport, Rhode Island, US. Filoli Estate & Gardens, Woodside, California, US. No acc. details available. Gilman Park Arboretum , Pierce, Nebraska, US. No acc. details available. Grounds for Sculpture, Hamilton, New Jersey, US. One specimen in the Water Garden to the left of the sculpture "Relative"
Hoyt Arboretum, Portland, Oregon, US. No acc. details available. Longwood Gardens, US. Acc. no. 2000–1338. New York Botanical Garden, US. Acc. no. 529/89. Scott Arboretum, US. Acc. no. 70–163
Smith College, US. Acc. no. 3166PA. University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, US. Washington Park Arboretum, Seattle, US. No acc. details available. Port Gamble, Washington, US. Bloedel Reserve, Bainbridge Island, Washington, US. Two specimens facing the Salish Sea behind the main Residence.

Arboretum de La Petite Loiterie , Monthodon, France. No details available
Brighton & Hove, UK. National Elm Collection Scattered throughout the city. Recent additions have occurred at Withdean and Preston Parks. Cambridge Botanic Garden , University of Cambridge, UK. No accession details available. Grange Farm Arboretum, Lincolnshire, UK. Acc. no. 512. Hortus Botanicus Nationalis, Salaspils, Latvia. Acc. no. 18099. Linnaean Gardens of Uppsala, Sweden. Acc. no. 1976–1049. Newby Hall and Gardens: near Ripon, North Yorkshire, UK. Two examples. No planting dates available. Tallinn Botanic Garden, Estonia. No accession details available. Westonbirt Arboretum , Tetbury, Glos., UK. No planting date or acc. no. available. Wijdemeren City Council, Netherlands. Elm collection. 2 exx. 4 m high at cemeteries Rading, Loosdrecht and Hornhof, Nederhorst den Berg. Planted in 2015. Balintore, Highlands, Scotland. On private land, visible on google streetview. 57.760339, 3.900778

Eastwoodhill Arboretum , Gisborne, New Zealand. 3 trees, details not known. Morton House, Charles Street, Launceston, Australia. 1 tree. Orange Botanic Gardens, Orange, New South Wales, Australia, 1 tree.