Қытай Республикасы Әскери Академиясы: Тарихы мен рөлі

Military academy of the Republic of China

The Republic of China Military Academy , also known as the Chinese Military Academy(CMA) or Taiwan Military Academy, is the service academy for the army of the Republic of China in Taiwan. Previously known as the Whampoa Military Academy, the military academy produced commanders who fought in many of China's conflicts in the 20th century, notably the Northern Expedition, the Second Sino Japanese War and the Chinese Civil War. The military academy was officially opened on May 1, 1924, but the first lessons began on June 16, 1924. The inauguration was on Changzhou Island offshore from the Whampoa (Huangpu) dock in Guangzhou, thus earning its name. During the inaugural ceremonies, Sun Yat sen delivered a speech that was later to become the lyrics of the national anthem of the Republic of China. It has been considered one of the most important institutions of the Republic of China together with the National Chengchi University, which is a prestigious incubator for senior civil service. After the Republic of China government retreated from China to Taiwan in 1950, the academy was re established as the Republic of China Military Academy.

As Whampoa, the academy remained in operation for only two years. A. S. Bubnov, G. I. Gilev, M. I. Dratvin, S. N. Naumov prepared lectures which explained the development of military thought throughout human history and the division between western and Soviet schools of military thought. Soviet officers taught different military subjects in the Academy using their broad experience gained during the Russian Civil War. Among them were I. Vasilevich (Janovsky), N. Korneev, M. Nefedov, F. Kotov (Katyushin), P. Lunev, V. Akimov Galina Kolchugina (wife of Vasily Blyukher who was commander in chief of all Soviet volunteer forces sent to China) read a course of lectures on political agitation. The first two groups of students prepared by the Academy became the core for the formation of the first two National Revolutionary Army regiments (V. A. Stepanov was an advisor provided by the Soviet Union to help in this matter). The first two prepared groups of students included 500 officers, the third one had 800 officers and the fourth group had 2000. Graduates included Nationalist commanders Chen Cheng, Du Yuming, Xue Yue, Hu Zongnan, Hu Lien and Guan Linzheng. Communist graduates Lin Biao,

The Whampoa Military Academy plays an important role in Chinese history. It not only supplied many military commanders for both the KMT and CCP, but also its graduates went on to wield significant influence on both parties' policies and governance. Especially for Chiang and KMT, the Whampoa Clique was pivotal for his governance. It competed with other cliques of KMT such as the New Guangxi Clique led by Li Zongren and Bai Chongxi, CC Clique led by Chen Lifu and Chen Guofu, Politics Research Group led by Yang Yongtai (楊永泰) and Zhang Qun. At the same time, when the CCP built its first Red Army after the Nanchang Uprising in 1927, most of its commanders were from Whampoa. In the following two decades, the CCP trained its army in the Whampoa way. Although the training available at Whampoa was short of the standard of other professional armies of the period, it provided a significant military advantage over the less professional armies of the warlords.

The academy is within walking distance south of Dadong Station of the Kaohsiung MRT.