Сандық өрістердің шексіз мұнажайларындағы арифметикалық объектілерді зерттеу

Study of objects of arithmetic interest over infinite towers of number fields
In number theory, Iwasawa theory is the study of objects of arithmetic interest over infinite towers of number fields. It began as a Galois module theory of ideal class groups, initiated by (岩澤 健吉), as part of the theory of cyclotomic fields. In the early 1970s, Barry Mazur considered generalizations of Iwasawa theory to abelian varieties. More recently (early 1990s), Ralph Greenberg has proposed an Iwasawa theory for motives.

From this beginning in the 1950s, a substantial theory has been built up. A fundamental connection was noticed between the module theory, and the p adic L functions that were defined in the 1960s by Kubota and Leopoldt. The latter begin from the Bernoulli numbers, and use interpolation to define p adic analogues of the Dirichlet L functions. It became clear that the theory had prospects of moving ahead finally from Kummer's century old results on regular primes. Iwasawa formulated the main conjecture of Iwasawa theory as an assertion that two methods of defining p adic L functions (by module theory, by interpolation) should coincide, as far as that was well defined. This was proved by for and for all totally real number fields by These proofs were modeled upon Ken Ribet's proof of the converse to Herbrand's theorem (the so called Herbrand–Ribet theorem). Karl Rubin found a more elementary proof of the Mazur Wiles theorem by using Kolyvagin's Euler systems, described in and , and later proved other generalizations of the main conjecture for imaginary quadratic fields.

The Galois group of the infinite tower, the starting field, and the sort of arithmetic module studied can all be varied. In each case, there is a main conjecture linking the tower to a p adic L function. In 2002, Christopher Skinner and Eric Urban claimed a proof of a main conjecture for GL(2). In 2010, they posted a preprint .