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Basic motions in ergonomics
Therbligs are elemental motions used in the study of workplace motion economy. A workplace task is analyzed by recording each of the therblig units for a process, with the results used for optimization of manual labour by eliminating unneeded movements. Eighteen therbligs have been defined. The word therblig was the creation of Frank Bunker Gilbreth and Lillian Moller Gilbreth, American industrial psychologists who invented the field of time and motion study. It is a reversal of the name Gilbreth, with 'th' transposed.

A basic motion element is one of a set of fundamental motions used by a worker to perform a manual operation or task. The set consists of 18 elements, each describing one activity. Transport empty [unloaded] (TE): receiving an object with an empty hand. (Now called "Reach".) Grasp (G): grasping an object with the active hand. Transport loaded (TL): moving an object using a hand motion. Hold (H): holding an object. Release load (RL): releasing control of an object. Pre position (PP): positioning and/or orienting an object for the next operation and relative to an approximation location. Position (P): positioning and/or orienting an object in the defined location. Use (U): manipulating a tool in the intended way during the course of working. Assemble (A): joining two parts together. Disassemble (DA): separating multiple components that were joined. Search (Sh): attempting to find an object using the eyes and hands. Select (St): Choosing among several objects in a group. Plan (Pn): deciding on a course of action. Inspect (I): determining the quality or the characteristics of an object using the eyes and/or other senses. Unavoidable delay (UD): waiting due to factors beyond the worker's control and included in the work cycle. Avoidable delay (AD): pausing for reasons under the worker's control that is not part of the regular work cycle. Rest (R): resting to overcome a fatigue, consisting of a pause in the motions of the hands and/or body during the work cycles or between them. Find (F): A momentary mental reaction at the end of the Search cycle. Seldom used.

In an article published in 1915, Frank Gilbreth wrote of 16 elements: "The elements of a cycle of decisions and motions, either running partly or wholly concurrently with other elements in the same or other cycles, consist of the following, arranged in varying sequences: 1. Search, 2. Find, 3. Select, 4. Grasp, 5. Position, 6. Assemble, 7. Use, 8. Dissemble, or take apart, 9. Inspect, 10. Transport, loaded, 11. Pre position for next operation, 12. Release load, 13. Transport, empty, 14. Wait (unavoidable delay), 15. Wait (avoidable delay), 16. Rest (for overcoming fatigue)."