Гибридные автомобили: история и модели

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hybrid electric vehicles equipped with both combustion engines and electric drivetrains

This is a list of hybrid vehicles. A hybrid could theoretically have any two power sources, but hybrid vehicles have typically combined an internal combustion engine with a battery and electric motor(s). This list includes both regular hybrid electric vehicles and plug in hybrids, in chronological order of first production. Since Porsche made the first hybrid car in 1899 there have been a number of hybrid vehicles; but there was a marked increase in interest in, and development of, hybrid vehicles for personal transport in the late 1990s.

YearCompanyNameTypeCommentsPre 19501899Jacob Lohner & Co. Automobile1900Pieper of BelgiumAutomobile1901Jacob Lohner & Co. Lohner–PorscheAutomobile1905Fischer Motor Vehicle Co. Petrol–electric OmnibusBus1906Auto MixteAutomobilePieper patent1907AL (French car)Automobile1911Tilling StevensTTA1 petrol–electric (in service on Thomas Tilling routes)BusPetrol–electric transmission, but no storage battery and no propulsion except with the petrol engine running1915Owen MagneticTouring CarAutomobileThe 'Car of a Thousand Speeds'1915Woods Motor VehicleDual Power Model 44Automobile1950s1951Compagnie Normande d'EtudesArbelAutomobileA petrol–electric hybrid powered on the Lohner–Porsche principle. Very few made and most were prototypes. A nuclear power plant was proposed for the 1958 version.1960s1969Mercedes BenzMercedes Benz OE 302Bus1969General MotorsGeneral Motors XP 883Automobile1970s1970Lviv Bus FactoryLAZ 360EMBusFirst and last low floor Soviet city bus with hybrid transmission, this bus was built as a concept bus, and only one example was made.1972Towns MicrodotAutomobile1979 FiatFiat 131 IbridaAutomobileFiat hybrid prototype, 903 cc engine mated to a DC 1980s1980Daihatsu Motor Co. Daihatsu Charmant HybridAutomobileThis four door, four seater car was part of a series of EV prototypes constructed by Daihatsu in the seventies and eighties. It used a 550 cc two cylinder engine which charged the batteries, and was augmented by two DC electric motors during acceleration.1986TwikeAutomobileThe Twike HEHV designed by a group of Swiss students debuted at the 1986 World expo in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. It remains in limited production and available in the United States (source: Neiman Marcus Christmas Book 2007, page 89).1986HondaGaselleAutomobileThe Goldwing engine based Gaselle hybrid gas/electric prototype built by Sarabjit Gandhi drove 8050 km in 16 days as part of the World Energy Autocross.1988Alfa Romeo33 IbridaAutomobile1990s1991HinoHino Blue Ribbon HIMRBus1992Volvo CarsVolvo ECCAutomobileGas turbine–electric1993MitsubishiMitsubishi Fuso Aero Star MBECS, first generationBus1993HinoModel unknown, medium duty, for sale in Japan only. First generation. Truck1995FiatVanzicAutomobileElectric motor with the assistance of a thermal energy generator1995NissanNissan Diesel UA ERIPBus1996IsuzuIsuzu Cubic CHASSEBus1996Gillig CorporationGillig Phantom HybridBus1997ToyotaToyota Coaster Hybrid EV BusFirst Japanese series hybrid bus1997ToyotaToyota Prius (Japanese market only)Automobile1998New Flyer IndustriesNew Flyer DE40LF (diesel–electric hybrid bus), originally called "H40LF"Bus1999HondaHonda InsightAutomobile1999Orion InternationalOrion VI HybridBus2000s2000 NissanTino HybridAutomobile1.769L QG18DE 74kW petrol engine and EM29 17kW electric motor2000 FiatMultipla Hybrid PowerAutomobileThermal engine and electric motor2000ToyotaToyota Prius (introduced to US market)Automobile1NZ FXE 4cyl engine, 2001–2003 model2001ToyotaToyota Crown AutomobileMild hybrid, Japan only2001ToyotaToyota Estima (Japan only)Automobile2002HondaHonda Civic HybridAutomobileMild hybrid, 2003 model2002?MazdaMazda Demio e 4WD (Japanese market only, used for traction assistance)Automobile2002MitsubishiMitsubishi Fuso Aero Star Nonstep HEV bus, second generationBus2002Nova BusNova Bus RTS HEV bus (4 units built)Bus2002Motor Coach IndustriesMCI D4000 HEV (4 units built)Bus2002WrightbusWright ElectrocityBus2002New Flyer IndustriesNew Flyer DE60LFBus2003HinoHino Ranger Hybrid, light duty, for sale in Japan only. Fourth generationTruck2003Orion InternationalOrion VII hybrid busBus2003TransBus InternationalTransBus Enviro200HBus2003SuzukiSuzuki TwinAutomobile2003ToyotaToyota Alphard hybrid (Japan only)Automobile2003ToyotaToyota PriusAutomobile(5 seat midsize, 2004–2009 model, second generation Hybrid Synergy Drive 1,000,000 sold (as of May 15, 2008))2003ToyotaDyna Diesel Hybrid/Toyoace hybrid (commercial truck, Japan only, diesel hybrid)Automobile2004ChevroletChevrolet Silverado/GMC Sierra Hybrid AutomobileMild hybrid, w/no electrical motor for propulsion, electricity only used to power accessories2004FordFord Escape Hybrid (2005 model)SUV2004HondaHonda Accord Hybrid AutomobileMild hybrid, 2005–2007 model, discontinued due to slow sales2004ToyotaHino Dutro/Toyota Dyna Hybrid, light duty, for sale in Japan only. Fourth generationTruck2004New Flyer IndustriesNew Flyer GE40LF (gasoline–electric hybrid bus)Bus2004HinoHino S'elega R HybridBus2004HinoHino Blue Ribbon City HybridBus2004Gillig CorporationGillig Low Floor HybridBus2005HondaHonda Civic HybridAutomobile2006 model, second generation2005LexusLexus RX 400h Automobile2006 model, 3MZ FE V6 engine2005Mercury automobileMercury Mariner hybridAutomobile2005ToyotaToyota Highlander/Klueger Hybrid Automobile2006 2007 model, 3MZ FE V6 engine2006IC CorporationIC Corporation Hybrid School BusBus2006Nova BusNova Bus LFS HEVBus2006WrightbusWright Pulsar Gemini HEVBus2006 New Flyer IndustriesNew Flyer DE40LFRBus2006LexusLexus GS 450h Automobile2007 model, 2GR FSE engine2006Saturn CorporationSaturn Vue Green Line AutomobileBAS, mild hybrid, 2007 model2006ToyotaToyota Camry Hybrid Automobile2007 model, 2AZ FXE engine2006ToyotaToyota Estima hybrid (redesign, minivan, Japan only)AutomobileIt is claimed by Toyota to be the world's first hybrid minibus.2006Mitsubishi Fuso Truck & Bus CorporationCanter Eco HybridTruck2006International FTTSTruck2007LexusLexus LS600hL Automobile2008 model, first V8 full hybrid, 2UR FSE engine2007MazdaMazda Tribute (2008 model)Automobile2007New Flyer IndustriesNew Flyer DE60LFRBus2007NissanNissan Altima (licensed Toyota Hybrid Synergy Drive)Automobile2007Saturn CorporationSaturn Aura Green Line Hybrid AutomobileBAS, mild hybrid, 2008–2010 model2007ToyotaToyota Highlander/Kluger Hybrid Automobile2008 vehicle redesign, mostly same 3MZ FE V6 engine2007HinoHybrid 6500 Medium, light duty, available in Australia. Truck2007E OneE ONE Hybrid Command CenterTruck2007Eaton CorporationMedium duty hybrid trucks fully commercialized in conjunction with FedEx Express and other partnersTruck2007ChevroletChevrolet TahoeSUV2007FordFord Escape HybridSUV2WD 36 mpg (city)/31 mpg (highway)4WD 32 mpg (city)/29 mpg (highway)2007LexusLexus RX 400hSUV(AWD) 27 mpg (city)/25 mpg (highway)2007MazdaMazda Tribute HybridSUVTwin of Ford Escape Hybrid2007Saturn CorporationSaturn "Green Line" Vue HybridSUV(2WD) 27 mpg (city)/32 mpg (highway)2007Mercury Mariner HybridSUV(4WD) 32 mpg (city)/29 mpg (highway)2007ToyotaToyota Highlander HybridSUV2WD 33 mpg (city)/28 mpg (highway)4WD 31 mpg (city)/27 mpg (highway)2007HondaHonda Accord HybridCar25 mpg (city)/34 mpg (highway)2007HondaHonda Civic HybridCar49 mpg (city)/51 mpg (highway)2007LexusLexus GS 450hCar25 mpg (city)/28 mpg (highway)2007ToyotaToyota Camry HybridCar40 mpg (city)/38 mpg (highway)2007ToyotaToyota PriusCar48 mpg (city)/54 mpg (highway)2007Saturn CorporationSaturn "Green Line" Aura HybridCar28 mpg (city)/35 mpg (highway)2007Nissan Motor CompanyNissan Altima HEVCar42 mpg (city)/36 mpg (highway)2007ChevroletChevy Silverado Classic 15 HybridTruck2WD 18 mpg (city)/21 mpg (highway)4WD 17 mpg (city)/19 mpg (highway)2007GMC (automobile)GMC Sierra Classic 15 HybridTruck2WD 18 mpg (city)/21 mpg (highway)4WD 17 mpg (city)/19 mpg (highway)2008Alexander DennisAlexander Dennis Enviro200HBus2008Alexander DennisAlexander Dennis Enviro400HBus2008Alexander DennisAlexander Dennis Enviro500HBus2008Beiqi Foton/Eaton CorporationBeiqi Foton with Eaton Corp. diesel–electric hybrid powertrainsBus2008HinoHino S'elega Hybrid (second generation)Bus2008New FlyerXcelsior XDE40 HybridBus2008OptareOptare TempoBus2008VolvoVolvo B5L HybridBus2008WrightbusWright Gemini 2 HEVBus2008CadillacCadillac Escalade (Global Hybrid Cooperation, 2009 model)Automobile2008ChevroletChevrolet Malibu (BAS, mild hybrid, canceled in 2009)Automobile2008ChevroletChevrolet Tahoe (Global Hybrid Cooperation, 2008 model, SUV, RWD/AWD)Automobile2008ChevroletChevrolet Silverado Hybrid (Global Hybrid Cooperation, first full hybrid full size pickup, 2009 model)Automobile2008DodgeDodge Durango (Global Hybrid Cooperation, SUV, 2009 model)Automobile2008GMCGMC Sierra Hybrid (Global Hybrid Cooperation, 2009 model)Automobile2008GMCGMC Yukon Hybrid (Global Hybrid Cooperation, 2008 model)Automobile2008Saturn CorporationSaturn AURA Green Line (mild hybrid, 2008–2010 modelAutomobile2008ToyotaToyota Crown hybridAutomobileRedsign, now a full hybrid, Japanese market2008BYD Auto BYD F3DM Plug in hybrid, (China market)Automobile2008Komatsu LimitedKomatsu PC200 8 Hybrid excavatorExcavator2009BMWBMW X6 ActiveHybrid AutomobileGlobal Hybrid Cooperation, BMW's first full hybrid, US market2009FordFord Fusion Hybrid (2010 model year, midsize car)Automobile2009HondaHonda Insight (2010 model year, second generation model, now as a 5 door hatchback)Automobile2009LexusLexus RX 450hAutomobile2010 model, 2GR FXE V6 engine, 2nd generation2009LexusLexus HS 250h/Toyota SaiAutomobile2AZ FXE engine, similar to Camry hybrid2009Lincoln MercuryMercury Milan Hybrid (2010 model, midsize car)Automobile2009Mercedes BenzMercedes S400 BlueHybrid (Global Hybrid Cooperation, mild hybrid, first lithium ion battery hybrid and first Mercedes hybrid)Automobile2009ToyotaToyota Prius Automobile3rd generation, 2010 model year, 2ZR FXE I4 engine2009Phoenix MotorcarsPhoenix MotorcarsAutomobileStarts selling plug in hybrid SUV & Truck in California 2009 (also available all electric); Assembled in the United States; no projected release date outside California yet2009Hyundai Motor CompanyHyundai Elantra LPI HybridAutomobilefirst hybrid to adopt advanced lithium polymer (Li–Poly) batteries and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) as fuel; South Korean market only2010s2010BMWBMW ActiveHybrid 7 (mild hybrid, lithium ion battery)Automobile2010FiatFiat Panda hybrid fuel cell/battery Automobile2010HondaHonda CR ZAutomobile2010HondaHonda Fit HybridAutomobile2010HyundaiHyundai HybridAutomobile2011 model, sales began end of 20102010ToyotaToyota Auris HybridAutomobile2ZR FXE I4 engine. similar to 3rd gen Prius powertrain2010ToyotaToyota Highland hybridAutomobilerevised hybrid powertrain, similar to RX 450h, 2011 model2010MazdaMazda TributeCrossover2010LincolnLincoln MKZ HybridAutomobile2011 model2010PorschePorsche Cayenne SAutomobile2011 model, sales began end of 20102010ChevroletVoltAutomobile2011 model2010Alexander DennisAlexander Dennis Enviro350HBus2010New FlyerXcelsior XDE35 HybridBus2010OptareOptare VersaBus2010PorschePorsche 918 SpyderAutomobile2014 Model. 4.6L V8 engine + 2 electric motors – 2011HondaHonda Civic HybridAutomobile2011 redesign, 1.5L engine, lithium ion battery2011HyundaiKia Optima HybridAutomobile2011 model2011InfinitiInfiniti M35 HybridAutomobile2011 model2011ToyotaToyota Prius v/Toyota Prius α Automobile2012 model. It will be called Prius + in Europe2011ToyotaToyota Camry Hybrid Automobile2012 model2011VolkswagenVW Touareg HybridSUV2012 model2011Fisker AutomotiveFisker KarmaAutomobile2012 model2011LexusLexus CT 200h hybridAutomobilesimilar to Prius powertrain, 2ZR FXE I4 engine2011Peugeot Peugeot 3008 HYbrid4 AutomobileThe world's first production diesel–electric hybrid2011PeugeotPeugeot 508 RXHAutomobilediesel–electric hybrid2011Porsche Panamera S HybridAutomobile2012 Model2011CitroënCitroën DS5 HYbrid4Automobilediesel–electric hybrid2011Mercedes BenzE 300 Bluetec Hybrid, E 400 HybridAutomobile2012 2016 model years. E 300 Bluetec Hybrid is a diesel–electric hybrid2011ToyotaToyota Aqua hybridAutomobileJapan only. Named Prius c in the rest of the world2012BYDQin plug in hybridAutomobile2012ToyotaToyota Prius c hybridAutomobileSeveral world markets except Europe2012ToyotaToyota Prius Plug in HybridAutomobileIt is based on the 2012 Prius third generation. Available in Japan, U. S. and Europe2012ToyotaToyota Yaris HybridAutomobileEurope only. Available since June 2012.2012ToyotaToyota Camry Hybrid 2nd generationAutomobile2012 model2012HondaAcura ILX Hybrid2012ToyotaLexus ES 300hAutomobile2012 model2012BMWBMW ActiveHybrid 52013 model2012BMWBMW ActiveHybrid 32013 model2012FordFord Fusion Hybrid 2nd generationAutomobile2013 model2012FordFord C Max Hybrid Compact MPV2013 model2012FordFord C Max Energi plug in hybridCompact MPV/SUV2013 model2012VolvoVolvo V60 Plug in Hybrid (diesel)WagonScheduled for November 2012 (Europe only)2012VolkswagenVolkswagen Jetta HybridAutomobileScheduled for late 2012 as a 2013 model 2012ToyotaToyota Avalon HybridAutomobile2013 model year2012New FlyerXcelsior XDE60 HybridBus2013FordFord Fusion Energi plug in hybridAutomobileU. S. sales scheduled to begin by early 20132013MitsubishiMitsubishi Outlander PHEVSUVSales scheduled to begin in the Japanese market in the first half of 20132013HondaAccord HybridAutomobile2014 model year2013HondaHonda Accord Plug in HybridAutomobile2014 model year2013BMWBMW i3 RExAutomobileThis is the plug in hybrid version of all electric car scheduled for late 20132013FiskerFisker SurfProduction is scheduled for 20132013General MotorsCadillac ELR plug in hybridAutomobileScheduled for U. S. market launch by late 2013 as a 2014 model year2013McLarenMcLaren P1Automobile3.8L Twin turbo V8 engine with KERS – Can run on battery alone2013FerrariLaFerrariAutomobile2014 model year. 6.3L V12 engine with KERS – 2013PorschePanamera S E HybridAutomobile2014 model year2013Roewe550 PHEVAutomobile2014AudiA3 Sportback e tronAutomobile2014BMWBMW i8AutomobileRetail deliveries began in June 20142014PorscheCayenne S E HybridSUV2015 model year2014VolkswagenXL1AutomobileLimited run of 250 vehicles2014VolkswagenGolf GTEAutomobile2015BMWBMW 225xe iPerformanceAutomobileRetail deliveries began late 20152015BMWX5 xDrive 40e iPerformanceSUV2016 model year2015BYDTangSUV2015ChevroletVoltAutomobile2016 model year2015HyundaiSonata PHEVAutomobile2016 model year2014AudiQ7 e tronSUV2015Mercedes BenzC350eAutomobile2016 model year2015Mercedes BenzGLC 350eSUV2016 model year2015Mercedes BenzGLE 550eSUV2016 model year2015Mercedes BenzS500eAutomobile2016 model year2015Mercedes BenzC350eAutomobile2016 model year2015ToyotaRAV4SUV2016 model year2015VolvoXC90 T8SUV2016 model year2015VolkswagenPassat GTEAutomobile2016BMWBMW 330e iPerformanceAutomobileRetail deliveries began 20162016BMW740e iPerformanceAutomobile2017 model year2016ChryslerPacifica HybridVan2017 model year2016FerrariLaFerrari ApertaAutomobile2016 model year2016HyundaiHyundai IoniqAutomobileRetail deliveries began 20162016KiaNiroSUV2017 model year2016KiaOptima PHEVAutomobile2017 model year2016ToyotaPrius PrimeAutomobile2017 model year2016VolvoS90 T8Automobile2017 model year2016Zinoro60HAutomobile2017Honda/AcuraHonda NSXAutomobile2017 model year. Released March 14, 2016. 3.5L V6 engine – .2017Honda Clarity Plug in HybridAutomobile2017 model year2017MiniCountryman S E ALL4 PHEVSUV2018 model year2017VolvoXC60 T8SUV2018 model year2017LEVCTXAutomobileLondon Taxi; Range extender series hybrid2017LexusLC500hAutomobile2018 model year and first car to employ a dual transmission (CVT and 4 speed automatic)2017CadillacCT6 Plug in HybridAutomobile2018Land RoverRange Rover P400eSUV2019 model year2018ToyotaCorolla HybridAutomobile2019 model year2020s2020Fiat500 HybridAutomobilemild hybrid2020FordF 150 PowerBoostTruck2021 model year2020ToyotaSiennaVan2021 model year2020ToyotaVenzaSUV2021 model year2020ToyotaCorolla Cross HybridSUV2021 model year2021OpelAstra HybridAutomobile2022 model year2022FordMaverickTruck2022 model year2022ToyotaUrban Cruiser Hyryder HybridSUV2022 model year2022ToyotaInnova Zenix HybridMPV2022 model year2023ToyotaTacomaTruck2024 model year