Необычные и забавные названия химических соединений

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Chemical nomenclature, replete as it is with compounds with very complex names, is a repository for some names that may be considered unusual. A browse through the Physical Constants of Organic Compounds in the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (a fundamental resource) will reveal not just the whimsical work of chemists, but the sometimes peculiar compound names that occur as the consequence of simple juxtaposition. Some names derive legitimately from their chemical makeup, from the geographic region where they may be found, the plant or animal species from which they are isolated or the name of the discoverer. Some are given intentionally unusual trivial names based on their structure, a notable property or at the whim of those who first isolate them. However, many trivial names predate formal naming conventions. Trivial names can also be ambiguous or carry different meanings in different industries, geographic regions and languages. Godly noted that "Trivial names having the status of INN or ISO are carefully tailor made for their field of use and are internationally accepted". In his preface to Chemical Nomenclature, Thurlow wrote that "Chemical names do not have to be deadly serious". A website in existence since 1997 and maintained at the University of Bristol lists a selection of "molecules with silly or unusual names" strictly for entertainment. These so called silly or funny trivial names (depending on culture) can also serve an educational purpose. In an article in the Journal of Chemical Education, Dennis Ryan argues that students of organic nomenclature (considered a "dry and boring" subject) may actually take an interest in it when tasked with the job of converting funny sounding chemical trivial names to their proper systematic names. The collection listed below presents a sample of trivial names and gives an idea how chemists are inspired when they coin a brand new name for a chemical compound outside of systematic naming. It also includes some examples of systematic names and acronyms that accidentally resemble English words.

Glenn Seaborg told his students that he proposed the chemical symbol Pu (from P U) instead of the conventional "Pl" for plutonium as a joke, only to find it officially adopted. Unununium (Uuu) was the former temporary name of the chemical element number 111, a synthetic transuranium element. This element was named roentgenium (Rg) in November 2004.

Barrelene C8H8, the name derives from the resemblance to a barrel. Basketane pentacyclo[4.4.0.02,5.03,8.04,7]decane (C10H12), a polycyclic alkane with a structure similar to a basket. Churchane A polycyclic alkane named "churchane" because it looks superficially like a church. Cubane A hydrocarbon whose eight carbon atoms occupy the vertices of a cube. Dodecahedrane A Platonic hydrocarbon shaped like a dodecahedron. Fenestrane (Windowpane) A class of compounds with a "window pane motif" (the name fenestrane derives from the Latin word fenestra, meaning window), comprising four fused carbocycles centred on a quaternary carbon resulting in a twice over spiro compound. The illustration at right shows a generic fenestrane as well as the specific example [4,4,4,4]fenestrane. Fenestranes are of considerable interest in theoretical chemistry though comparatively few have actually been synthesised. Housane A polycyclic alkane named "housane" because it looks superficially like a house. Olympiadane A mechanically interlocked compound based on the topology for the Olympic rings. Olympicene Refers to the fused 5 benzene rings (C19H12), which is reminiscent of the Olympic Flag. Paddlanes Paddlanes are bicyclic molecules that resemble the paddles on steamboats. Penguinone 3,4,4,5 tetramethylcyclohexa 2,5 dienone; a two dimensional representation of its structure resembles a penguin. Pterodactylane [4] ladderanes with substituents on the central rung. So named for their resemblance to a Pterodactyl. Prismane An isomer of benzene with the carbon atoms arranged in the shape of a triangular prism. Propellanes Propellanes are bicyclic molecules that resemble propellers. Quadratic acid A square shaped organic compound, also called squaric acid. Sulflower A stable heterocyclic octacirculene based on thiophene, named as a portmanteau of sulfur and sunflower. VolleyballeneMolecule composed of 60 carbon and 20 scandium atoms, which has an appearance similar to that of a volleyball.

Buckminsterfullerene (Fullerene) Also called the buckyball, this is an allotrope of carbon named after Richard Buckminster Fuller due to its resemblance to Fuller's geodesic domes. The term was coined by Harold Kroto. The alternative name footballene was coined by A. D. J. Haymet because the molecule also resembles a football; Within a specific temperature range the molecule is subject to rapid degenerate Cope rearrangements with the result that all carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms are equivalent and that none of the carbon–carbon bonds is permanent. Dickite (|Al2Si2O5(OH)4), a clay like material with a number of manufacturing uses, one of which is as a coating for high quality bond paper. It is named after its discoverer, Allan Brugh Dick. Josiphos ligands A well known catalyst, named after Josi Puleo, the technician who first prepared it. Mandyphos and Taniaphos also exist. Welshite A mineral named after the US amateur mineralogist Wilfred R. Welsh. Its formula is Ca2SbMg4FeBe2Si4O20.

Alcindoromycine An anthracycline antibiotic agent named after the character Alcindoro in La Bohème. Bohemamine An anti tumour agent named after the Puccini opera La Bohème. Sonic hedgehog A protein named after Sonic the Hedgehog

Arsole (C4H5As), an analogue of pyrrole in which an arsenic atom replaces the nitrogen atom. The aromaticity of arsoles has been debated for many years. The compound in which a benzene ring is fused to arsole — typically on the carbon atoms 3 and 4 — is known as benzarsole. Fornacite A rare lead, copper chromate arsenate hydroxide mineral (Pb2CuCrO4AsO4OH), named after its discoverer, Lucien Lewis Forneau. SEX An abbreviation of sodium ethyl xanthate, a flotation agent used in the mining industry. Spermine,Spermidine growth factors involved in cellular metabolism. catP The name of the enzyme responsible for chloramphenicol resistance in various species of bacteria. Constipatic acid [2 (14 hydroxypentadecyl) 4 methyl 5 oxo 2,5 dihydrofuran 3 carboxylic acid], an aliphatic acid derived from the Australian Xanthoparmelia lichen. Crapinon An anticholinergic drug, one side effect of which is constipation. Nonanal (C9H18O), an aldehyde derived from nonane. PoO Chemical formula of polonium monoxide. Uranate The chemical term for an oxyanion of the element uranium. DEAD, DEADCAT Diethyl azodicarboxylate: An apt acronym, given that diethyl azodicarboxylate is explosive; shock sensitive; carcinogenic; and an eye, skin, and respiratory irritant. Putrescine A foul smelling diamine produced by the putrefaction of dead animal tissue. Draculin An anticoagulant found in the saliva of vampire bats. Vitamin C (Godnose)Albert Szent Gyorgyi coined the term "ignose" to describe ascorbic acid, which he isolated and published. When the journal's editor refused to accept ignose as a plausible name, Szent Gyorgyi suggested 'Godnose' (a joke meaning that only God could know the real identity of the molecule). The editor suggested that the name be changed to something more formal. LuciferaseA generic term for the class of oxidative enzymes that produce bioluminescence. Lucifer yellowLucifer Yellow is a food coloring that is commonly found in hot sauces such as salsa pickle. Because it fluoresces under ultraviolet light and stains certain regions between plant cells, it's also used in plant microscopy anatomy studies. Miraculin A glycoprotein found in miracle fruit that makes sour foods taste sweet after contact with taste buds.

Adamantane (tricyclo[3.3.1.13,7]decane), a crystalline cycloalkane, an isomer of twistane. Name resembles that of English pop star Adam Ant. Naftazone (C11H9N3O2), a vasoprotective drug. The NAFTA free trade zone is the area covered by the North American Free Trade Agreement. PEPPSI Pyridine Enhanced Precatalyst Preparation Stabilization and Initiation.

Antipain Antipain works as a protease inhibitor, preventing proteins from being degraded. It is a highly toxic compound that, ironically, causes severe itching or pain when it comes into contact with the skin. Because it inhibits the action of papain, an enzyme found in papayas, its name is actually an abbreviation of anti papain. Bongkrek acid Name sounds like a combination of English words related to recreational drugs: bong; crack, a preparation of cocaine; and acid, a street name for lysergic acid diethylamide. Constipatic Acid Some Australian lichens, like Parmelia constipata, have this as a component. Protoconstipatic acid, dehydroconstipatic acid, and methyl constipatate are all constipatic acid derivatives. DiNOsar Common shortening of di nitro sarcophagine. Used due to shorter length compared to the IUPAC name of 1,8 dinitro 3,6,10,13,16,19 hexaazabicyclo[6.6.6]icosane. Sounds similar to the word dinosaur Gardenin Gardenins, which are flavones extracted from the Indian plant Gardenia lucida, come in a variety of forms. Hirsutene Is also named after an animal, a goat (Hircus). Magic acid A superacid consisting of a mixture, most commonly in a 1:1 molar ratio, of fluorosulfuric acid (HSO3F) and antimony pentafluoride (SbF5). Megaphone A ketone derived from the root of Aniba megaphylla. Melon A compound consisting mostly of linked heptazine units with an undetermined composition. Mispickel An older name for the mineral arsenopyrite, an iron arsenic sulfide and major source of the element arsenic, sounds like 'miss pickle'. From German. Moronic acid [3 oxoolean 18 en 28 oic acid], a natural triterpene Noggin A signalling protein involved in embryonic development. Performic acid A strongly oxidizing acid related to formic acid. Periodic acid Or per iodic acid, is pronounced ,/p//ɜːr//aɪ/'/ɒ//d//ᵻ//k/ PURReyeODik and not *,/p//ɪər//i/'/ɒ//d//ᵻ//k/ PEEReeODik. It refers to one of two interconvertible species: HIO4 (metaperiodic acid), or H5IO6 (orthoperiodic acid – illustrated at right). The per prefix in the name denotes that iodine is present in its highest possible (+VII) oxidation state. Picket Fence Porphyrin(5,10,15,20 tetrakis(alpha,alpha,alpha 2 pivalamidophenyl)porphyrin), used to model heme enzyme active sites. Piranha solution A strongly oxidizing mixture of hydrogen peroxide and sulfuric acid used to remove organic residues from substrates and glassware. The name refers to the voracious appetite of the Amazonian piranha fish. Rednose A sugar derived from the degradation of rudolphomycin. Traumatic acid A substance occurring in plants, with a role in healing damaged tissue.

Bastardane A close relative to tetramantane (a higher homologue of adamantane), its proper name is nonacyclo[11.7.1.112,18.03,16.04,13.05,10.06,14.07,11.015,20]docosane. Because its unusual ethano bridge was a deviation from the standard hydrocarbon caged rearrangements, it came to be known as bastardane—the unwanted child. Dinocap (C18H24N2O6), a miticide and contact fungicide used to control powdery mildew in crops. DuPhos A class of asymmetric ligands for asymmetric synthesis. The name DuPhos is derived from the chemical company that developed this type of ligand (DuP, DuPont) and the compound class of phospholanes (Phos) it belongs to. FOOF Dioxygen difluoride, O2F2, an extremely unstable compound which reacts explosively with most other substances – the nickname "FOOF" is a play on its formula. Furfuryl furfurate The name of the molecule is difficult to say fast. It has a strong odor and can be used as a polymerization inhibitor in the vapor phase. Its name is derived from the Latin word "furfur," which means "bran" (the source of the compound). Furfural alcohol, a related molecule, is reportedly used in the fabrication of the Reinforced Carbon Carbon (RCC) sections used in the space shuttle. Gossypol A toxin found in cottonseed used as a male oral contraceptive. Periplanone B A pheromone of the female American cockroach. Thebacon Dihydrocodeinone enol acetate, an opioid analgesic or antitussive.