Анкарский метрополитен: история и современность

Subway system in Turkey
In February 2019 all the lines that used to run M1, M2 and M3 were merged to create one line, M1.

The Ankaray (from Ankara ray, meaning Ankara rail), a rapid transit system (Hafif Raylı, though the line does operate as more of a "light metro" line) was the first phase of the modern rapid transit network of the city. The Ankaray was constructed by a consortium headed by Siemens over a period of four years (1992–96). It opened on 20 August 1996. The line runs between AŞTİ (Ankara Şehirlerarası Terminal İşletmesi – Ankara Intercity Bus Terminal) and Dikimevi, covering a distance of , of which is through tunnels. The line has 11 stations. The M4 line, operating from Atatürk Cultural Center to Gazino, opened on 5 January 2017. In 2019 Turisk defense firm ASELSAN began traction and control upgrades on the older Bombardier cars.

The track width on both subway lines is 1435 mm (normal gauge). Vehicles of the Canadian type Hawker H6 run on the M1. The trains in Ankara are a modification of the almost identical H6 trains that were used on the Toronto subway. The vehicles were manufactured by Bombardier until the early 1990s. The structure is made of riveted aluminum and has a gray color. There is an orange stripe around the windows. There are four entrances on each side of each car. In the three car units, the first and third cars are railcars, the middle car has no separate drive. The underground trains used on the Ankaray line were built by the Italian wagon manufacturer AnsaldoBreda in Naples in cooperation with Siemens. Only one of the three car units has an engine (railcar), the other two cars are not driven (sidecar). The cars are white with orange applications around the windows. The trains for the current lines and the new ones are built by CRRC in China. The new cars have many common features with old ones. Both cars have 4 entrances, and only the first and the third cars are railcars and the middle car is a sidecar in the three car unit. Besides the old stock, the new stock has a separate space for the control panel, located at the front of the first and the third railcar.

Ankaray vehicles on the Ankaray line are Siemens Adtranz Ansaldobreda, S. P. A. (AnsaldoBreda) M1, M2, and M3 trains, which have a top speed of (operational speed: ),

Both Ankara Metro and Ankaray depend on Communications based Train Control railway signalling system. In Ankaray, signals only show whenever there is a train or if a blockage exists or not. However, in Ankara Metro, signals are only activated by automatic control by specific rules. Unlike other subways, Ankara Metro does not use green signal on normal operations. Only one fixed chunk in front of the train will become available which results in yellow signals at normal operation even more than one chunk is available. The strict rule of flashing (or blinking) yellow signal depends on these two conditions that must be met at the same time: The Metro arriving at the station or present at the station must be in standard operation mode and at least one chunk towards to forward direction must be free. Also, flashing yellow signals are only emitted on forward signals, preventing reverse direction movement in normal operation mode. If one of these conditions are not met (except Operation Mode), the signal will emit red light. While train will out of standard operation mode, the signals will return normal Communitacions based Train Control rules or manual signal control. For green and yellow signals, there are 2 different variants; Flashing or static. Flashing signals means either automatic controlled route or manually set route in effect. Static signals are manually controlled or emitted from the control center, however. Ankaray also uses red, yellow, and green signals. Red and green signals used for indicating is the chunk occupied or not. Unlike the Ankara metro, the yellow signal turns on when a rail change is going to be made.