Английские маффины: история и разнообразие выпечки

Small, round, flat yeast leavened bread

An English muffin is a small, round and flat yeast leavened (sometimes sourdough) bread which is commonly round and tall. It is generally split horizontally and served toasted. In North America, Australia, New Zealand and the United Kingdom, it is frequently eaten with sweet or savoury toppings such as butter, fruit jam, honey, eggs, sausage, bacon, or cheese. English muffins are an essential ingredient in eggs Benedict and a variety of breakfast sandwiches derived from it, such as the McMuffin. These products are called English muffins to distinguish them from the sweeter cupcake shaped products also known as muffins, although in the UK, English muffins are frequently referred to simply as muffins. English muffins are available in a wide range of varieties, including whole wheat, multigrain, cinnamon raisin, cranberry, and apple cinnamon.

The word muffin is thought to come from the Low German muffen, meaning "little cakes". The Oxford English Dictionary also suggests a possible link to Old French moflet, a type of bread. Originally it meant "any of various kinds of bread or cake". The first recorded use of the word muffin was in 1703, and recipes for muffins appear in British cookbooks as early as 1747 in Hannah Glasse's The Art of Cookery. The muffins are described as being "like a Honey comb" inside. In the Oxford Companion to Food, Alan Davidson states that "[t]here has always been some confusion between muffins, crumpets, and pikelets, both in recipes and in name". The increasing popularity of flatbread muffins in the 19th century is attested by the existence of muffin men, a type of hawker who would travel door to door selling English muffins as a snack bread before most homes had their own ovens. to prohibit bell ringing by muffin men, but it was not adhered to by sellers. In 1861, "goodsized" muffins from street sellers were commonly sold for a halfpenny each; crumpets were about a penny.

The traditional English nursery rhyme "The Muffin Man", which dates from 1820 at the latest, traces to that custom. A well known reference to English muffins is in Oscar Wilde's 1895 play The Importance of Being Earnest.

English muffins are usually referred to simply as muffins in the UK; sweet American style muffins are occasionally referred to as American muffins to differentiate. They are usually consumed with tea or coffee, and sometimes feature in afternoon tea served in UK hotels. They are also consumed for breakfast in the form of American style breakfast sandwiches.

"Mush muffins (called slipperdowns in New England) were a Colonial [American] muffin made with hominy on a hanging griddle." These and other types of flatbread muffins were known to American settlers, but they declined in popularity with the advent of the quickbread muffin. References to English muffins appear in U. S. newspapers starting in 1859, and detailed descriptions of them and recipes were published as early as 1870. A popular brand of English muffin in the U. S. is Thomas', which was founded in Manhattan, New York, by English immigrant Samuel Bath Thomas in 1880. Thomas opened a second bakery around the corner from the first at 337 West 20th Street in a building that remains known as "The Muffin House". Today the company is owned by Bimbo Bakeries USA, which also owns the Entenmann's, Boboli, Stroehmann, Oroweat, and Arnold brands. Foster's sourdough English muffins was a popular brand of English muffin originally from San Francisco. They were a signature menu item at Foster's restaurants from the 1940s to the 1970s, and continued to be produced as a packaged brand until 2008.

English muffins are very similar to the Portuguese bolo do caco.