Знаменитые выступления в истории

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This list of speeches includes those that have gained notability in English or in English translation. The earliest listings may be approximate dates.

c.570 BC : Gautama Buddha gives his first sermon at Sarnath
431 BC: Funeral Oration by the Greek statesman Pericles, significant because it departed from the typical formula of Athenian funeral speeches and was a glorification of Athens' achievements, designed to stir the spirits of a nation at war. 399 BC: The Apology of Socrates, Plato's version of the speech given by the philosopher Socrates, defending himself against charges of being a man "who corrupted the young, refused to worship the gods, and created new deities." 330 BC: On the Crown by the Greek orator Demosthenes, which illustrated the last great phase of political life in Athens. 63 BC: Catiline Orations, given by Marcus Tullius Cicero, the consul of Rome, exposing to the Roman Senate the plot of Lucius Sergius Catilina and his friends to overthrow the Roman government. 44 BC: The Funeral Oration of Roman Dictator, Julius Caesar, delivered by Mark Antony after his assassination; rephrased by William Shakespeare.

30: The Sermon on the Mount, a compilation of the sayings of Jesus, epitomizing his moral teaching. 632: The Farewell Sermon, delivered by the Islamic prophet, Muhammad some weeks before his death. 1095: Beginning of the Christian Crusades by Pope Urban II at the Council of Clermont. 1203: The Baljuna Covenant, an oath sworn by Temüjin, the future Genghis Khan, at his lowest point. 1521: The Here I Stand speech of Martin Luther, defending himself at the Diet of Worms. 1588: Speech to the Troops at Tilbury by Elizabeth I of England, in preparation for repelling an expected invasion by the Spanish Armada. 1599: St Crispin's Day Speech by William Shakespeare as part of his history play Henry V has been famously portrayed by Laurence Olivier to raise British spirits during the Second World War, and by Kenneth Branagh in the 1989 film Henry V, and it made famous the phrase "band of brothers". 1601: The Golden Speech by Elizabeth I of England, in which she revealed that it would be her final Parliament and spoke of the respect she had for the country, her position, and the parliamentarians themselves. 1630: A Model of Christian Charity by Puritan leader and Massachusetts Governor John Winthrop, in which the phrase "City Upon a Hill" was used and became popular in the North American colonies. 1681–1704: The sermons and funeral orations of French bishop and theologian Jacques Bénigne Bossuet during his tenure as the bishop of Meaux Cathedral, whose sermons preached the divine right of kings during the reign of Louis XIV, and who delivered memorable orations across Europe. 1741: Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God, a sermon by theologian Jonathan Edwards, noted for the glimpse it provides into the ideas of the religious Great Awakening of 1730–1755 in the United States. 1775: Give Me Liberty, or Give Me Death by U. S. colonial patriot Patrick Henry to the Second Virginia Convention. 1791: Abolish the Slave Trade, British Parliamentarian William Wilberforce's four hour speech to the House of Commons. 1792: The Deathless Sermon, given by William Carey during the decline of Hyper Calvinism in England.

1946: Sinews of Peace by Winston Churchill, introducing the phrase Iron Curtain to describe the division between eastern and western Europe. 1946: The Second Bayeux speech, delivered by General Charles de Gaulle describing the postwar constitution of France. 1947: A speech to the Commonwealth by the then Princess Elizabeth on her 21st Birthday, broadcast from South Africa. 1947: The Marshall Plan speech given at Harvard University by U. S. Secretary of State George C. Marshall, introducing an effort to offer financial assistance to rebuild Europe after World War II. 1947: Muhammad Ali Jinnah's 11 August Speech on the eve of independence from Britain about the struggle for Pakistan, injustices in partition, future road map for running the country, justice, equality and religious freedom for all. 1947: Tryst with Destiny by Jawaharlal Nehru, given on the eve of Indian independence and concerning the country's history. 1948: The Light Has Gone Out of Our Lives by Jawaharlal Nehru, about the assassination of Mohandas K. Gandhi also known as Mahatma Gandhi. 1949: Four Points by U. S. President Harry Truman, setting his postwar goals. 1949: The Light on the Hill by Australia Prime Minister Ben Chifley, paying tribute to the country's labour movement. 1950: The Declaration of Conscience, a speech made by U. S. Senator Margaret Chase Smith calling for the country to re examine the tactics used by the House Un American Activities Committee. 1951: Old Soldiers Never Die by U. S. General Douglas MacArthur in an appearance before Congress after being fired by President Truman as Supreme Commander in the Korean War
1952: The political Checkers speech by U. S. vice presidential candidate Richard M. Nixon, in which he mentioned his family's pet dog of that name. 1953: The Chance for Peace was an address by U. S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower shortly after the death of Soviet leader Joseph Stalin that highlighted the cost of the US–Soviet rivalry to both nations. 1953: History Will Absolve Me, a four hour judicial defense by revolutionary Fidel Castro on charges of leading an attack on Cuban Army barracks. 1953: Atoms for Peace, an address by Eisenhower on the creation of an international body to both regulate and promote the peaceful use of atomic power. 1956: On the Personality Cult and its Consequences by Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev, castigating actions taken by the regime of deceased Communist Party secretary Joseph Stalin. Widely known as the "Secret Speech" because it was delivered at a closed session of that year's Communist Party Congress. 1956: We Will Bury You by Nikita Khrushchev, addressing Western ambassadors at a reception in the Polish embassy in Moscow. 1957: Longest Speech in the United Nations by Indian delegate V. K. Krishna Menon. 1957: Give Us the Ballot by Martin Luther King Jr., an appeal for voting rights made at the Prayer Pilgrimage for Freedom at the Lincoln Memorial
1959: There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom by physicist Richard Feynman, on the possibility of direct manipulation of individual atoms as a new form of chemical synthesis. 1960: Address to the Greater Houston Ministerial Association" by then candidate John F. Kennedy in Houston, Texas, to address fears that his being a member of the Catholic Church would impact his decision making as President. 1960: Wind of Change speech by British Prime Minister Harold Macmillan in South Africa, in which Macmillan reiterated his support for the decolonization of Africa. 1960: Congolese Independence speech by Congolese independence leader and its first democratically elected Prime Minister Patrice Lumumba in South Africa, in which he described the suffering of the Congolese under Belgian colonialism and the negatives that lay behind the pageantry and paternalism of the Belgian "civilising mission" begun by Leopold II in the Congo Free State. 1961: Eisenhower's farewell address, a speech at the end of the term of President Dwight D. Eisenhower, in which he warned of the rise of the "military–industrial complex" in the United States. 1961: Ask Not What Your Country Can Do For You, the inaugural address of U. S. President John F. Kennedy, in which he advised his "fellow Americans" to "ask not what your country can do for you – ask what you can do for your country." 1961: The Vast Wasteland speech by Newton Minow, chairman of the U. S. Federal Communications Commission, in which he asserted that "when television is bad, nothing is worse." 1962: Richard Nixon turned his concession speech in the California gubernatorial election into a 15 minute monologue aimed mainly at the press, famously (though as it turned out, prematurely) stating " you don't have Nixon to kick around any more, because, gentlemen, this is my last press conference." 1962: The "We choose to go to the Moon" speech by U. S President John F. Kennedy to drum up public support for the Apollo Program at Rice University, where he reiterated his commitment to reaching the Moon by the end of the decade. 1963: Segregation Now, Segregation Tomorrow, Segregation Forever by Alabama Governor George Wallace, which became a rallying cry for those opposed to racial integration and the U. S. civil rights movement. 1963: I Am Prepared To Die by South African leader Nelson Mandela at his trial in which he laid out the reasoning for using violence as a tactic against apartheid. 1963: American University Speech by U. S. President John F. Kennedy to construct a better relationship with the Soviet Union and to prevent another threat of nuclear war after the events of the Cuban Missile Crisis in October 1962. 1963: Report to the American People on Civil Rights by John F. Kennedy speaking from the Oval Office. 1963: Ich Bin Ein Berliner ("I am a Berliner") by U. S. President John F. Kennedy, voicing support for the people of West Berlin. 1963: I Have a Dream, Lincoln Memorial speech by Martin Luther King Jr. in which the civil rights leader called for racial equality and an end to discrimination. 1964: The Ballot or the Bullet by Nation of Islam leader Malcolm X, urging African Americans to exercise their right to vote but warning that if they were prevented from attaining equality, it might be necessary to take up arms. 1964: A Time for Choosing, the stock campaign speech that Ronald Reagan made on behalf of Republican presidential candidate Barry Goldwater. 1964: Speech at the United Nations in 1964 by Cuban revolutionary leader Ernesto "Che" Guevara. 1964: "Bodies upon the gears" speech by American activist and a key member in the Berkeley Free Speech Movement, Mario Savio. 1965: The American Promise by U. S. President Lyndon B. Johnson, urging the United States Congress to pass a voting rights act prohibiting discrimination in voting on account of race and color in wake of the Bloody Sunday. 1965: How Long, Not Long by Martin Luther King Jr. at the conclusion of the Selma to Montgomery march. 1966: Day of Affirmation by U. S. Senator Robert F. Kennedy, speaking to South African students about individual liberty, apartheid, and the need for civil rights in the United States. 1967: Beyond Vietnam: A Time to Break Silence, Martin Luther King Jr.'s anti Vietnam War speech at Riverside Church in New York City. 1967: Vive le Québec libre ("Long live free Quebec"), a phrase ending a speech by French President Charles de Gaulle in Montreal, Canada. The slogan became popular among those wishing to show their support for Quebec sovereignty. 1968: I've Been to the Mountaintop, the last speech delivered by civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr.
1968: The death of Martin Luther King Jr. by U. S. Senator Robert F. Kennedy. 1968: Robert F. Kennedy's speech, On the Mindless Menace of Violence. 1968: A Good and Decent Man, the funeral eulogy for Robert F. Kennedy by his younger brother, U. S. Senator Ted Kennedy. 1968: Rivers of Blood by United Kingdom Conservative Enoch Powell about immigration. 1971: This Time the Struggle Is for Our Freedom by Bengali nationalist leader Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, regarded by many in Bangladesh as a de facto declaration of independence. 1971: Address to the Women of America by feminist leader Gloria Steinem. Not only did the speech address the issues of sexism and misogyny, but also those of racism and social class. 1973: Salvador Allende's last speech addressing the country before his death during the September 11th, 1973 CIA backed coup d'état in Chile. 1974: I Have Never Been a Quitter, the resignation speech of U. S. President Richard M. Nixon. 1975: No More Than a Piece of Paper, the Israeli response to United Nations General Assembly Resolution 3379, that Zionism is "a form of racism and racial discrimination," delivered by Ambassador Chaim Herzog. 1975: Nothing will save the governor general, Australian Prime Minister Gough Whitlam's reaction to the dissolution of parliament following his dismissal by the Governor General of Australia John Kerr. 1979: A speech on U. S. energy policy by President Jimmy Carter speaks of a "crisis of confidence" among the country's public, and comes to be known as the "malaise" speech, despite Carter not using that word in the address. 1983: Evil Empire, a phrase used in speeches by U. S. President Ronald Reagan to refer to the Soviet Union. 1987: Tear Down This Wall, the challenge made at the Brandenburg Gate by U. S. President Ronald Reagan to Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev to destroy the Berlin Wall. 1987: Today and Forever, Quebec Premier Robert Bourassa's reaction to the failure of the Meech Lake Accord on the Canadian Constitution. 1988: Sermon on the Mound, in which British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher offered a theological justification for her ideas on capitalism. 1989: The Gazimestan speech, in which Serbian President Slobodan Milošević warned of "armed battles" in the future of Yugoslavia. 1989: Deng Xiaoping delivered "Speech Made While Receiving Cadres of the Martial Law Units in the Capitol at and Above the Army Level" in response to the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989. 1990: Their Bats Have Been Broken, the resignation speech of Geoffrey Howe as deputy prime minister in the Margaret Thatcher government of the United Kingdom. 1991: A speech by U. S. President George Bush to the Ukrainian parliament, encouraging Ukraine to remain in the then disintegrating Soviet Union, caused an uproar among Ukrainian nationalists and American conservatives, with commentator William Safire dubbing it the Chicken Kiev speech.

1992: Culture War speech by U. S. conservative Presidential candidate Pat Buchanan, in which he described "a religious war going on in our country for the soul of America." 1992: The Redfern Park speech delivered by then Prime Minister of Australia, Paul Keating; the first public acknowledgement by an Australian prime minister of the prejudice and discrimination practised by Europeans against Aboriginal Australians and Torres Strait Islanders, the Indigenous peoples of Australia. 1995: The concession speech of Quebec Premier Jacques Parizeau after the narrow defeat of the 1995 Quebec independence referendum, in which he blamed the loss on "money and ethnic votes," mistranslated into English as "money and the ethnic vote." 1996: I Am an African by South African Vice President Thabo Mbeki on the adoption of a new Constitution for the country. 1996: Clinton's renomination speech at the 1996 Democratic National Convention by United States President Bill Clinton, in which he became the first president to use the word "gay" in a Democratic National Convention. 1999: State of the Union Address by United States President Bill Clinton, in which he became the first president to use the words "sexual orientation" in a State of the Union Address. 1999: Elie Wiesel's: "The Perils of Indifference" Speech, which he gave in front of President of the United States Bill Clinton.